The son of immigrants, Arthur J. Goldberg (Aug. 8, 1908-Jan. 19, 1990) supervises an espionage group during World War II. He serves as general counsel for the United Steelworkers of America and is the chief legal counsel for the AFL-CIO merger in 1955. As secretary of labor, he mentors a young Daniel Patrick Moynihan, advocates for civil rights and raises the minimum wage. Believing that government has a responsibility to help solve labor disputes that threaten the economy, he successfully intervenes in a 1962 steelworkers strike. Later, as a Supreme Court justice, he brings the "silent' Ninth Amendment back into relevance and argues against the constitutionality of corporal punishment. He reluctantly resigns from the Supreme Court in 1965 to serve as the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations.