1995 Private Pension Plan Bulletins Abstract of Form 5500 Annual Reports

Private Pension Plan Bulletin
Abstract of 1995 Form 5500 Annual Reports

U.S. Department of Labor
Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration
Office of Policy and Research
Number 8, Spring 1999

Introduction

This is the eighth edition of the Private Pension Plan Bulletin. The tabulations presented in this report contain final numbers based on 1995 Form 5500 filings. Reports for 1995 plan years were filed by plans for fiscal years ending anywhere from December 31, 1995 to December 30, 1996. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) processed 1995 filings from August 1996 through July 1998.

Form 5500 reports are filed annually with the IRS. Plans covering 100 or more participants must file a Form 5500 every year containing extensive financial, participant, and actuarial data. Plans covering fewer than 100 participants are required to file a less detailed report (known as a Form 5500 C/R).

The universe for this Bulletin consists of all private pension plans for which a Form 5500 or Form 5500 C/R has been filed with the IRS in accordance with Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA). Such plans may be defined benefit or defined contribution plans. They generally cover private wage and salary employees and are sponsored either by employers or jointly by employers and unions.

The IRS processes the reports and provides computerized edited files to the Department of Labor's Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration. To produce this report, data on all plans covering 100 or more participants is combined with a 5 percent sample of small plan filers. This combined file is subjected to additional editing and weighted to represent the universe of private pension plans covering two or more participants.

Key findings from the 1995 filings are summarized in the Highlights on pages 2 and 3. The tabulations are organized into five sections. Section A contains summary data on plans, participants, Assets, income and expenses. Section B contains more detailed data on plans and participants, showing distributions by different size measures. Section C contains balance sheets and income statements for the major types of private pension plans. Section D contains detailed data on defined contribution plans. Section E contains historical data from 1975 to 1995. The organization of this Bulletin is similar to the previous edition with the exception of additional figures in Sections B, C and E, and additional tables in Section E on aggregate rates of return of ESOPs and 401(k) type plans.

This publication was prepared by Richard Hinz, Helen Lawrence, David McCarthy, Deloris Penic-Stevens and Daniel Beller of the Office of Policy and Research. The editors wish to acknowledge Steve Donahue and Phyllis Fernandez for valuable technical support. Although this Bulletin is not copyrighted, proper acknowledgment would be appreciated. The recommended citation is:

United States Department of Labor, Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration. Abstract of 1995 Form 5500 Annual Reports. Private Pension Plan Bulletin No. 8, Spring 1999. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1999.

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Contents

• Section A: Summary
  • Table A1: Number of Pension Plans, Total Participants, Active Participants, Assets, Contributions, and Benefits by type of plan, 1995
  • Table A2: Number of Participants in Pension Plans by type of plan entity, type of plan, and type of participant, 1995
  • Table A3: Balance Sheet of Pension Plans by type of plan, 1995
  • Table A4: Income Statement of Pension Plans by type of plan, 1995
  • Table A5: Amount of Assets in Pension Plans by type of plan and method of funding, 1995
  • Table A6: Collective Bargaining Status of Pension Plans, Participants, and Assets by type of plan, 1995
  • Figure A1: Distribution of Pension Plans and Participants by type of plan, 1995
  • Figure A2: Active Participants in Pension Plans by vesting status and type of plan, 1995
  • Figure A3: Investment of Assets and Payment of Benefits by method of funding, 1995
• Section B: Plans and Participants
  • Table B1: Distribution of Pension Plans by number of participants, 1995
  • Table B2: Distribution of Pension Plans by amount of Assets, 1995
  • Table B3: Distribution of Pension Plans by industry, 1995
  • Table B4: Distribution of Participants by number of participants, 1995
  • Table B5: Distribution of Participants by amount of Assets, 1995
  • Table B6: Distribution of Participants by industry, 1995
  • Table B7: Distribution of Active Participants by type of plan, 1995
  • Table B8: Number of Plans by type of plan and method of funding, 1995
  • Table B9: Number of Participants by type of plan and method of funding, 1995
  • Table B10: Number of Plans by date of establishment and type of plan, 1995
  • Table B11: Average Number of Participants in Pension Plans by date of establishment and type of plan, 1995
  • Figure B: Plans Established Each Year and Still in Existence in 1995
• Section C: Financial
  • Table C1: Distribution of Assets by number of participants, 1995
  • Table C2: Distribution of Assets by asset size, 1995
  • Table C3: Distribution of Assets by industry, 1995
  • Table C4: Balance Sheet of Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995
  • Table C5: Balance Sheet of Single Employer Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995
  • Table C6: Balance Sheet of Multiemployer Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995
  • Table C7: Percentage Distribution of Assets of Defined Benefit Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of asset and size of plan, 1995
  • Table C8: Percentage Distribution of Assets of Defined Contribution Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of asset and size of plan, 1995
  • Table C9: Income Statement of Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995
  • Table C10: Income Statement of Single Employer Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995
  • Table C11: Income Statement of Multiemployer Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995
  • Table C12: Percentage Distribution of Income of Defined Benefit Plans with 100 or More Participants by source of income and size of plan, 1995
  • Table C13: Percentage Distribution of Income of Defined Contribution Plans with 100 or More Participants by source of income and size of plan, 1995
  • Figure C: Average Assets per Participant by plan size, 1995
• Section D: Defined Contribution Plans
  • Table D1: Balance Sheet of Defined Contribution Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995
  • Table D2: Income Statement of Defined Contribution Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995
  • Table D3: Number of 401(k) Type Plans, Participants, Active Participants, Assets, Contributions, and Benefits by type of plan, 1995
  • Table D4: Number of 401(k) Type Plans by number of participants and primary or supplemental status, 1995
  • Table D5: Number of Active Participants in 401(k) Type Plans by number of participants and primary or supplemental status, 1995
  • Table D6: Balance Sheet of 401(k) Type Plans with 100 or More Participants 1995
  • Table D7: Income Statement of 401(k) Type Plans with 100 or More Participants 1995
  • Table D8: Number of Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs), Total Participants, Active Participants, Assets, Contributions, and Benefits by type of plan, 1995
  • Table D9: Number of Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs), Total Participants, Active Participants, Assets, Contributions, and Benefits by type of ESOP, 1995
  • Table D10: Balance Sheet of Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) with 100 or More Participants by leveraged status, 1995
  • Table D11: Income Statement of Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) with 100 or More Participants by leveraged status, 1995
  • Table D12: Number of Employer Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) by number of participants and primary or supplemental status, 1995
  • Figure D: Number of 401(k) Plans 1984-95
• Section E: Historical Tables
  • Table E1: Number of Pension Plans by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E2: Number of Pension Plans with Fewer than 100 Participants by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E3: Number of Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E4: Estimated Private Wage and Salary Worker Participation Rates Under Primary and Supplemental Pension Plans 1975-95
  • Table E5: Number of Participants in Pension Plans by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E6: Number of Participants in Pension Plans with Fewer than 100 Participants by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E7: Number of Participants in Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E8: Number of Active Participants in Pension Plans by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E9: Number of Active Participants in Pension Plans with Fewer than 100 Participants by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E10: Number of Active Participants in Pension Plans with 100 or more Participants by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E11: Pension Plan Assets by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E12: Pension Plan Assets of Plans with Fewer than 100 Participants by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E13: Pension Plan Assets of Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E14: Pension Plan Contributions by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E15: Pension Plan Contributions of Plans with Fewer than 100 Participants by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E16: Pension Plan Contributions of Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E17: Pension Plan Benefits Disbursed by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E18: Pension Plan Benefits Disbursed from Plans with Fewer than 100 Participants by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E19: Pension Plan Benefits Disbursed from Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Table E20: Percentage Distribution of Active Participants in Plans with 100 or More Participants by vesting status, 1975-95
  • Table E21: Percentage Distribution of Active Participants in Single Employer Plans with 100 or More Participants by vesting status, 1975-95
  • Table E22: Percentage Distribution of Active Participants in Multiemployer Plans with 100 or More Participants by vesting status, 1975-95
  • Table E23: Number of 401(k) Type Plans, Participants, Assets, Contributions, and Benefit Payments 1984-95
  • Table E24: Aggregate Rates of Return Earned by Private Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants 1985-95
  • Table E25: Aggregate Investment Performance of Private Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants 1985-95
  • Table E26: Aggregate Rates of Return Earned by Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) and 401(k) Plans with 100 or More Participants 1990-95
  • Figure E1: Number of Pension Plans 1975-95
  • Figure E2: Pension Plan Active Participants 1975-95
  • Figure E3: Pension Coverage of Wage and Salary Workers 1975-95
  • Figure E4: Pension Plan Assets 1975-95
  • Figure E5: Pension Plan Contributions and Benefits 1975-95
  • Figure E6: Rates of Return by type of plan, 1985-95
  • Figure E7: Rates of Return for Single and Multiemployer Plans 1985-95
  • Figure E8: Rates of Return for 401(k) Type Plans 1990-95
  • Figure E9: Rates of Return for ESOPs 1990-95
  • Figure E10: Assets Per Participant by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Figure E11: Participants Per Plan by type of plan, 1975-95
  • Figure E12: Distribution of Pension Plans, Participants, and Assets by plan size, 1995

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Highlights from the 1995 Form 5500 Reports

Assets held by private pension plans in 1995 totaled $2.7 trillion, an 18% increase from the $2.3 trillion reported in 1994. Defined contribution (DC) plan Assets increased 22% in 1995 to $1.3 trillion while defined benefit (DB) plan Assets increased 16% to $1.4 trillion. Defined contribution plans achieved a 20% aggregate rate of return (investment earnings and appreciation) in 1995, with additional asset growth arising from a positive cash flow of $17.3 billion (contributions minus benefit payout and administrative expenses). Defined benefit plans had a 21% aggregate rate of return in 1995, but achieved a lower overall rate of increase in total Assets because of a negative cash flow of -$48.9 billion.

The 22% increase in DC plan Assets was lead by a 28% increase in Assets held by 401(k) type plans, from $675 billion in 1994 to $863 billion in 1995. Assets held in non-401(k) type DC plans increased 11% from $413 billion in 1994 to $458 billion in 1995.

In addition to the increase in 401(k) type plan Assets, the number of 401(k) type plans and plan participants also grew at a strong rate, with the plan count increasing by 15% to 201,000, and the active participant count increasing by 11% to 28.1 million. The increase in 401(k) type plans resulted not only from the establishment of new plans, but also from the amendment of existing defined contribution plans to include a cash or deferred arrangement.

Other findings from the Form 5500 series reports filed for 1995 plan years are summarized below:

• The number of private pension plans filing Form 5500 reports in 1995 was 693,400, a slight increase from the 690,300 plan count in 1994.
• The number of DB plans decreased by 7% to 69,500, while the number of DC plans increased by 1% to 623,900. The number of DB plans has decreased each year since 1986 and the 1995 count is only 40% of the peak total of 175,100 plans in 1983.
• Total active participants in private pension plans increased by 2% from 65.0 million in 1994 to 66.2 million in 1995. The long term patterns of decreases in DB plan active participants and increases in DC plan active participants continued in 1995, with DB plan active participants decreasing by 4% to 23.5 million and DC plan active participants increasing by 6% to 42.7 million.
• Growth in pension plan participation under new plans is heavily concentrated in 401(k) type plans. Based on data from plans filing a 1995 5500 report, a total of 209,000 plans covering 11.7 million participants had establishment dates of 1990 through 1995. Only 4% of these plans, covering 14% of the participants, were DB plans, while 47% of the plans, covering 66% of the participants, were 401(k) type plans. The remaining 49% of the new plans, covering 20% of the participants, were non-401(k) type DC plans.
• The median age of plans in 1995 was 17 years for DB plans, 6 years for 401(k) type DC plans, and 10 years for non-401(k) type plans.
• In 1995, an estimated 81% of all private wage and salary workers with pension coverage participated in either a primary or supplemental DC plan and 51% participated in a DB plan. This is a strong reversal from 1975 when only 32% of pension covered workers were enrolled in DC plans and 87% were in DB plans.
• DB plans are most common among large firms while DC plans are popular among firms of all sizes. The average number of participants per DB plan in 1995 was 632, with 87% of all DB plan participants in plans with 1,000 or more participants, and 56% in plans with 10,000 or more participants. The average number of participants in DC plans was 76, with 60% of DC plan participants in plans with 1,000 or more participants and 30% in plans with 10,000 or more participants.
• An estimated 60% of all pension covered workers (and over 25% of all private wage and salary workers) were in 401(k) type plans in 1995, with 26% participating only in a 401(k) type plan and 34% also participating in another pension plan, most commonly a DB plan.
• Benefit payments from plans to retirees, survivors, and terminating employees increased by 12% in 1995 to $183.0 billion. Benefits paid out by DB plans increased by 3% to $85.1 billion and benefit payments from DC plans increased 20% to $97.9 billion.
• Total plan contributions increased 10% from $144.3 billion in 1994 to $158.8 billion in 1995.
• Contributions to DB plans increased by 6% from $39.0 billion in 1994 to $41.4 billion in 1995. Defined contribution plans received $117.4 billion in contributions during 1995, an 11% increase over the $105.3 billion received in 1994.
• The percentage of total DC contributions made by plan participants has been steadily increasing over the last decade and in 1995 was 6% higher than employer contributions to DC plans.

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Section A: Summary

Table A1: Number of Pension Plans, Total Participants, Active Participants, Assets, Contributions, and Benefits by type of plan, 1995

Type of Plan	Number of Plans(1)	Total Participants (thousands)(2)	Active Participants (thousands)(3)	Total Assets (millions)(4)	Total Contributions (millions)(5)	Total Benefits (millions)(6)
Total	693,404	87,452	66,193	$2,723,735	$158,832	$183,025
Defined benefit	69,492	39,736	23,531	1,402,079	41,423	85,134
Defined contribution	623,912	47,716	42,662	1,321,657	117,409	97,892
Profit sharing and thrift-savings	482,789	38,009	34,131	1,094,592	100,284	81,891
Stock bonus	4,799	3,578	3,152	85,996	6,660	5,968
Target benefit	7,018	160	151	5,056	374	524
Money purchase	107,816	4,774	4,201	117,827	8,832	8,182
Annuity-403(b)(1)	13,823	100	95	666	86	70
Custodial account-403(b)(7)	1,342	12	11	215	30	10
IRAs or annuities (Code 408)	1,205	33	29	728	54	47
Other defined contribution	5,122	1,051	892	16,577	1,090	1,200

Footnotes

1. Excludes plans covering only one participant.
2. Includes active, retired, and separated vested participants not yet in pay status. The number of participants also includes double counting of workers in more than one plan.
3. Active participants include any workers currently in employment covered by a plan and who are earning or retaining credited service under a plan. Active participants also include nonvested former employees who have not yet incurred a break in service.
4. Total asset amounts shown exclude funds held by life insurance companies under allocated group insurance contracts for payment of retirement benefits. These excluded funds make up roughly 10 to 15 percent of total pension fund Assets.
5. Includes both employer and employee contributions.
6. Amounts shown include both benefits paid directly from trust funds and premium payments made by plans to insurance carriers. Amounts exclude benefits made directly by insurance carriers.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table A2: Number of Participants in Pension Plans by type of plan entity, type of plan, and type of participant, 1995 (numbers in thousands)

Type of Participant	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
Total Participants	87,452	39,736	47,716	76,969	31,341	45,629	10,483	8,395	2,088
Active Participants(3)	66,193	23,531	42,662	59,894	19,005	40,889	6,299	4,525	1,773
Fully vested	45,744	15,953	29,791	41,765	13,552	28,213	3,979	2,401	1,578
Partially vested	6,539	371	6,168	6,397	264	6,134	142	107	35
Nonvested	13,908	7,206	6,702	11,731	5,189	6,542	2,177	2,017	160
Retired or separated participants receiving benefits	8,859	8,470	389	6,635	6,272	363	2,224	2,198	26
Separated participants with vested right to benefits	12,401	7,735	4,666	10,441	6,064	4,377	1,961	1,672	289

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.
3. Plans with less than 100 participants are required to provide only the total participant count. For these plans, which cover approximately 10 percent of total pension plan participants, the distribution of active, retired, and separated vested participants was assumed to be the same as for larger plans (i.e., single, multiemployer, defined benefit, defined contribution).

Note: Excludes plans covering only one participant.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table A3: Balance Sheet of Pension Plans by type of plan, 1995 (amounts in millions)

Type of Asset or Liability	Total	Defined Benefit	Defined Contribution
Cash	$90,020	$29,254	$60,766
Receivables	55,716	25,391	30,325
Corporate debt and equity instruments	726,698	318,484	408,214
U.S. Government securities	166,871	114,088	52,782
Real estate and mortgages (other than to participants)	17,559	11,052	6,507
Mortgage loans to participants	1,007	108	899
Other loans to participants	20,718	201	20,518
Other investments and Assets	1,644,726	903,264	741,462
Buildings and other property used in plan operations	420	237	183
Total Assets	2,723,735	1,402,079	1,321,657
Payables	16,003	5,546	10,457
Acquisition indebtedness	17,125	513	16,613
Other liabilities	25,363	11,957	13,405
Total Liabilities	58,491	18,016	40,474
Net Assets	2,665,245	1,384,062	1,281,182

Note: Total asset amounts shown exclude funds held by life insurance companies under allocated group insurance contracts for payment of retirement benefits. These excluded funds make up roughly 10 to 15 percent of total pension fund Assets.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table A4: Income Statement of Pension Plans by type of plan, 1995 (amounts in millions)

Income and Expenses	Total	Defined Benefit	Defined Contribution
Income
Contributions received or receivable from:
Employers	$94,115	$40,363	$53,751
Participants	58,563	568	57,996
Others	5,094	426	4,668
Noncash contributions	1,062	65	996
Total contributions	158,832	41,423	117,409
Investment earnings(1)	48,701	23,687	25,014
Net gain (loss) on sale of Assets	38,129	24,267	13,862
Other or unspecified income(2)	379,967	205,106	174,861
Total Income	625,628	294,483	331,146
Expenses
Benefit payments and payments to provide benefits
Direct benefits	174,654	80,745	93,909
Other benefits	8,371	4,389	3,983
Total payments	183,025	85,134	97,892
Total administrative expenses	7,430	5,216	2,215
Other or unspecified expenses	4,662	345	4,316
Total Expenses	195,117	90,695	104,423
Net Income	430,511	203,788	226,723

Footnotes

1. Includes interest earnings, dividends, and rents.
2. Includes net gain (loss) from pooled funds, unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of Assets, and miscellaneous other income items.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table A5: Amount of Assets in Pension Plans by type of plan and method of funding, 1995 (amounts in millions)

Method of Funding	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
Funding arrangement for investment of Assets
Total	$2,723,735	$1,402,079	$1,321,657	$2,458,153	$1,163,416	$1,294,737	$265,582	$238,663	$26,920
Trust	1,673,256	870,724	802,533	1,527,090	741,244	785,846	146,166	129,479	16,687
Insurance	6,646	4,198	2,448	6,511	4,091	2,420	136	107	28
Trust and insurance	1,043,712	527,153	516,559	924,432	418,077	506,355	119,280	109,076	10,204
Other	121	4	117	121	4	117	0	0	0
Funding arrangement for payment of benefits
Total	$2,723,735	$1,402,079	$1,321,657	$2,458,153	$1,163,416	$1,294,737	$265,582	$238,663	$26,920
Trust	1,648,658	782,093	866,565	1,536,861	681,927	854,934	111,797	100,166	11,631
Insurance	67,038	36,610	30,428	65,052	35,128	29,923	1,986	1,481	505
Trust and insurance	985,420	575,601	409,819	833,669	438,590	395,079	151,751	137,011	14,740
Other	22,619	7,775	14,844	22,571	7,771	14,800	48	4	44

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Note: Total assest amounts shown exclude funds held by life insurance companies under allocated group insurance contracts for payment of retirement benefits. These excluded funds make up roughly 10 to 15 percent of total pension fund Assets.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table A6: Collective Bargaining Status of Pension Plans, Participants, and Assets by type of plan, 1995

Collective Bargaining Status	Total Number of Plans	Total Total Participants (thousands)	Total Total Assets (millions)(1)	Defined Benefit Number of Plans	Defined Benefit Total Participants (thousands)	Defined Benefit Total Assets (millions)(1)	Defined Contribution Number of Plans	Defined Contribution Total Participants (thousands)	Defined Contribution Total Assets (millions)(1)
Total	693,404	87,452	$2,723,735	69,492	39,736	$1,402,079	623,912	47,716	$1,321,657
Collectively bargained plans	17,081	27,098	933,823	8,781	18,903	727,805	8,300	8,196	206,018
Noncollectively bargained plans	676,323	60,354	1,789,912	60,711	20,833	674,274	615,612	39,521	1,115,638

Footnotes

1. Asset amounts shown exclude funds held by life insurance companies under allocated insurance contracts for payment of retirement benefits. These excluded funds make up roughly 10 to 15 percent of total pension fund Assets.

Note: Some collectively bargained plans cover nonbargaining unit employees under a separate non-negotiated benefit structure.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Figure A1. Distribution of Pension Plans and Participants by type of plan, 1995

Reference: Table A1.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Figure A2. Active Participants in Pension Plans by vesting status and type of plan, 1995

Reference: Table A2.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Figure A3. Investment of Assets and Payment of Benefits by method of funding, 1995

Reference: Table A5.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Section B: Plans and Participants

Table B1: Distribution of Pension Plans by number of participants, 1995

Number of Participants	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
Total	693,404	69,492	623,912	690,265	67,682	622,584	3,139	1,810	1,328
None or not reported	53,019	6,636	46,384	52,906	6,579	46,326	114	56	58
2-9	319,518	24,236	295,283	319,518	24,236	295,283	-	-	-
10-24	137,623	9,454	128,169	137,598	9,454	128,144	25	-	25
25-49	75,028	6,025	69,003	74,993	6,023	68,970	35	2	33
50-99	45,928	6,055	39,873	45,765	6,018	39,746	163	36	127
100-249	30,315	5,583	24,731	29,896	5,367	24,529	419	216	203
250-499	13,220	3,677	9,544	12,702	3,385	9,318	518	292	226
500-999	7,833	2,808	5,025	7,224	2,449	4,775	609	359	250
1,000-2,499	6,052	2,612	3,439	5,419	2,218	3,200	633	394	239
2,500-4,999	2,357	1,087	1,270	2,062	891	1,171	295	196	99
5,000-9,999	1,345	676	670	1,184	556	629	161	120	41
10,000-19,999	651	345	306	564	274	290	87	71	16
20,000-49,999	362	199	163	313	158	155	49	41	8
50,000 or more	152	100	52	121	73	48	31	27	4

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Note: Excludes plans covering only one participant.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table B2: Distribution of Pension Plans by amount of Assets, 1995

Amount of Assets	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
Total	693,404	69,492	623,912	690,265	67,682	622,584	3,139	1,810	1,328
None or not reported	82,667	17,849	64,818	82,561	17,800	64,761	107	49	58
$1-24K	38,444	400	38,044	38,430	393	38,037	14	7	7
25-49K	36,137	972	35,165	36,126	972	35,154	11	-	11
50-99K	57,100	2,139	54,961	57,085	2,137	54,948	15	2	13
100-249K	126,858	7,005	119,853	126,808	7,000	119,808	50	5	45
250-499K	118,657	8,268	110,389	118,625	8,258	110,367	32	10	22
500-999K	99,569	10,441	89,128	99,483	10,426	89,057	86	15	71
1-2.4M	76,900	8,681	68,219	76,637	8,614	68,023	263	67	196
2.5-4.9M	26,446	3,897	22,548	26,022	3,742	22,280	423	155	268
5-9.9M	12,980	2,760	10,220	12,570	2,544	10,026	410	216	194
10-24.9M	8,866	2,900	5,966	8,278	2,519	5,759	588	381	207
25-49.9M	3,642	1,533	2,109	3,230	1,240	1,990	412	293	119
50-74.9M	1,411	691	720	1,226	547	679	185	144	41
75-99.9M	780	377	403	670	288	382	110	89	21
100-149.9M	813	389	424	689	288	401	124	101	23
150-199.9M	451	247	204	375	186	189	76	61	15
200-249.9M	290	147	143	243	103	140	47	44	3
250-499.9M	645	359	286	553	277	276	92	82	10
500-999.9M	391	230	161	334	178	156	57	52	5
1-2.49B	245	133	112	219	107	112	26	26	-
2.5B or more	112	73	39	101	62	39	11	11	-

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Notes: Excludes plans covering only one participant. The letters K, M, and B denote thousands, millions, and billions, respectively.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table B3: Distribution of Pension Plans by industry, 1995

Industry	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
Total	693,404	69,492	623,912	690,265	67,682	622,584	3,139	1,810	1,328
Agriculture	13,026	2,349	10,677	13,017	2,343	10,674	9	6	3
Mining	3,874	537	3,337	3,867	532	3,335	7	5	2
Construction	44,147	3,434	40,714	42,220	2,441	39,780	1,927	993	934
Manufacturing	89,261	14,811	74,450	88,968	14,587	74,381	293	224	69
Transportation	10,232	1,058	9,174	10,021	897	9,123	211	160	51
Communications and utilities	7,825	1,599	6,225	7,809	1,592	6,216	16	7	9
Wholesale trade	47,168	4,209	42,959	47,093	4,154	42,939	76	55	21
Retail trade	55,751	3,109	52,642	55,618	2,998	52,620	133	111	22
Finance, insurance and real estate	48,897	6,884	42,013	48,887	6,877	42,010	10	7	3
Services	324,058	19,446	304,611	323,609	19,207	304,402	449	239	210
Tax-exempt organizations	43,053	11,551	31,502	43,048	11,550	31,498	5	1	4
Industry not reported	6,113	506	5,607	6,110	504	5,606	3	2	1

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Note: Excludes plans covering only one participant.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table B4: Distribution of Participants by number of participants, 1995 (numbers in thousands)

Number of Participants	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
Total	87,452	39,736	47,716	76,969	31,341	45,629	10,483	8,395	2,088
2-9	1,343	104	1,239	1,343	104	1,239	-	-	-
10-24	2,001	145	1,856	2,001	145	1,856	1	-	1
25-49	2,451	207	2,244	2,450	207	2,243	1	0	1
50-99	3,489	435	3,055	3,477	432	3,045	12	3	10
100-249	4,667	912	3,755	4,595	874	3,721	72	38	34
250-499	4,602	1,302	3,300	4,412	1,193	3,219	190	109	81
500-999	5,479	1,982	3,497	5,044	1,725	3,320	434	257	177
1,000-2,499	9,330	4,072	5,258	8,324	3,441	4,883	1,006	631	375
2,500-4,999	8,084	3,762	4,322	7,041	3,069	3,972	1,043	693	351
5,000-9,999	9,394	4,724	4,670	8,288	3,893	4,396	1,106	831	275
10,000-19,999	9,115	4,878	4,237	7,895	3,892	4,003	1,220	986	234
20,000-49,999	11,290	6,130	5,161	9,703	4,828	4,875	1,587	1,302	286
50,000 or more	16,207	11,083	5,123	12,396	7,538	4,858	3,810	3,545	265

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table B5: Distribution of Participants by amount of Assets, 1995 (numbers in thousands)

Amount of Assets	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
Total	87,452	39,736	47,716	76,969	31,341	45,629	10,483	8,395	2,088
None or not reported	2,305	789	1,516	2,301	787	1,514	4	2	3
$1-24K	335	12	323	333	11	322	2	1	1
25-49K	369	16	353	367	16	351	2	-	2
50-99K	678	28	650	671	27	644	7	1	7
100-249K	1,838	117	1,721	1,830	116	1,713	8	1	8
250-499K	2,334	197	2,137	2,316	193	2,123	18	4	14
500-999K	3,137	402	2,735	3,100	399	2,701	37	3	34
1-2.4M	5,040	857	4,183	4,928	830	4,098	113	27	86
2.5-4.9M	4,093	952	3,140	3,923	900	3,023	169	53	117
5-9.9M	4,584	1,372	3,212	4,289	1,243	3,046	295	129	166
10-24.9M	7,147	2,877	4,271	6,471	2,521	3,950	676	355	321
25-49.9M	6,146	2,726	3,420	5,445	2,310	3,135	701	417	285
50-74.9M	3,821	1,932	1,889	3,314	1,604	1,710	507	328	179
75-99.9M	2,635	1,347	1,288	2,264	1,116	1,148	371	230	141
100-149.9M	3,787	1,776	2,011	3,170	1,405	1,764	618	371	247
150-199.9M	2,769	1,483	1,286	2,280	1,126	1,153	489	356	132
200-249.9M	2,322	1,242	1,080	1,842	803	1,038	481	439	42
250-499.9M	6,990	3,906	3,084	5,921	2,983	2,938	1,069	923	146
500-999.9M	7,894	4,820	3,074	6,186	3,272	2,914	1,708	1,548	160
1-2.49B	8,954	4,897	4,057	7,841	3,784	4,057	1,113	1,113	-
2.5B or more	10,273	7,986	2,287	8,179	5,892	2,287	2,094	2,094	-

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Notes: Excludes plans covering only one participant. The letters K, M, and B denote thousands, millions, and billions, respectively.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table B6: Distribution of Participants by industry, 1995 (numbers in thousands)

Industry	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
Total	87,452	39,736	47,716	76,969	31,341	45,629	10,483	8,395	2,088
Agriculture	463	205	258	447	191	257	16	14	2
Mining	889	485	405	734	336	398	155	149	6
Construction	5,371	2,930	2,441	1,338	168	1,170	4,032	2,762	1,270
Manufacturing	32,458	16,960	15,498	31,110	15,799	15,311	1,347	1,161	186
Transportation	4,508	2,353	2,155	3,043	992	2,051	1,465	1,361	104
Communications and utilities	5,068	2,511	2,556	5,015	2,470	2,545	52	41	11
Wholesale trade	2,996	943	2,053	2,727	685	2,042	269	258	11
Retail trade	8,916	3,431	5,485	7,517	2,168	5,350	1,398	1,263	135
Finance, insurance and real estate	8,994	3,908	5,086	8,960	3,882	5,078	34	26	8
Services	15,430	4,919	10,511	13,722	3,562	10,160	1,708	1,357	351
Tax-exempt organizations	2,109	1,040	1,069	2,106	1,038	1,067	3	1	2
Industry not reported	251	51	199	249	50	199	1	1	0

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table B7: Distribution of Active Participants by type of plan, 1995⁽¹⁾ (numbers in thousands)

Type of Plan	Total Plans	Single Employer Plans(2)	Multiemployer Plans(3)
Total	66,193	59,894	6,299
Defined benefit	23,531	19,005	4,525
Defined contribution	42,662	40,889	1,773
Profit sharing and thrift-savings	34,131	33,873	259
Stock bonus	3,152	3,152	0
Target benefit	151	147	3
Money purchase	4,201	2,829	1,372
Annuity - 403(b)(1)	95	82	12
Custodial account - 403(b)(7)	11	11	-
IRAs or annuities (Code 408)	29	26	3
Other defined contribution	892	768	123

Footnotes

1. Active participants include any workers currently in employment covered by a plan and who are earning or retaining credited service under a plan. Active participants also include any nonvested former employees who have not yet incurred a break in service.
2. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
3. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table B8: Number of Plans by type of plan and method of funding, 1995

Method of Funding	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
Funding arrangement for investment of Assets
Total	693,404	69,492	623,912	690,265	67,682	622,584	3,139	1,810	1,328
Trust	474,942	38,485	436,458	472,767	37,249	435,518	2,175	1,235	940
Insurance	12,867	2,910	9,957	12,843	2,898	9,945	24	12	12
Trust and insurance	166,034	17,660	148,373	165,129	17,098	148,031	905	562	343
Other	39,561	10,437	29,124	39,526	10,436	29,090	35	1	34
Funding arrangement for payment of benefits
Total	693,404	69,492	623,912	690,265	67,682	622,584	3,139	1,810	1,328
Trust	468,082	38,099	429,983	466,826	37,384	429,442	1,256	714	542
Insurance	46,731	7,744	38,986	46,580	7,669	38,911	150	75	75
Trust and insurance	124,146	12,865	111,281	122,458	11,848	110,610	1,687	1,017	670
Other	54,446	10,784	43,662	54,401	10,780	43,621	45	4	41

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table B9: Number of Participants by type of plan and method of funding, 1995 (numbers in thousands)

Method of Funding	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
Funding arrangement for investment of Assets
Total	87,452	39,736	47,716	76,969	31,341	45,629	10,483	8,395	2,088
Trust	53,875	24,917	28,959	47,652	20,166	27,486	6,223	4,750	1,473
Insurance	643	330	313	633	325	308	10	5	5
Trust and insurance	31,111	13,844	17,267	26,861	10,205	16,657	4,250	3,640	610
Other	1,823	645	1,178	1,823	645	1,178	(3)	(3)	0
Funding arrangement for payment of benefits
Total	87,452	39,736	47,716	76,969	31,341	45,629	10,483	8,395	2,088
Trust	52,613	22,790	29,823	48,328	19,377	28,951	4,285	3,413	872
Insurance	3,424	1,457	1,967	3,318	1,384	1,934	106	72	33
Trust and insurance	29,214	14,733	14,481	23,128	9,825	13,303	6,086	4,908	1,178
Other	2,201	756	1,445	2,195	754	1,441	6	1	4

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.
3. Less than 1,000.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table B10: Number of Plans by date of establishment and type of plan, 1995

Date of Establishment	Type of Plan Total Number of Plans	Type of Plan Total Number of Participants (thousands)	Type of Plan Defined Benefit Number of Plans	Type of Plan Defined Benefit Number of Participants (thousands)	Type of Plan 401(k) Number of Plans	Type of Plan 401(k) Number of Participants (thousands)	Type of Plan Other Defined Contributions Number of Plans	Type of Plan Other Defined Contributions Number of Participants (thousands)
Total	693,404	87,452	69,492	39,736	200,813	31,385	423,009	16,331
Prior to 1950	7,405	9,384	4,475	8,532	293	467	2,638	385
1950-1954	3,243	5,526	1,961	4,493	451	726	831	306
1955-1959	6,069	6,768	2,867	5,190	918	1,133	2,284	445
1960-1964	11,570	5,396	5,410	3,713	1,846	934	4,313	750
1965-1969	25,773	7,302	6,764	4,448	4,203	1,887	14,806	967
1970-1974	49,650	7,031	7,893	3,370	6,880	1,926	34,877	1,735
1975-1979	78,968	7,436	7,799	2,469	9,439	2,355	61,731	2,612
1980-1984	110,938	11,475	12,126	2,889	18,965	5,513	79,847	3,073
1985-1989	186,562	15,295	11,710	2,891	59,182	8,698	115,670	3,706
1990-1994	159,501	9,630	6,798	1,428	69,564	6,162	83,140	2,040
1995	49,925	2,040	1,576	216	28,243	1,519	20,106	305
Date Not Specified	3,799	169	114	97	831	65	2,855	7
Median Age of Plan	9	-	17	-	6	-	10	-

Note: This table indicates the date of establishment for plans filing a 1995 Form 5500 series report. It does not indicate the actual number of plans established in each period because plans which terminated or merged prior to 1995 and stopped filing Form 5500 are not counted in the numbers.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table B11: Average Number of Participants in Pension Plans by date of establishment and type of plan, 1995

Date of Establishment	Type of Plan Total Plans	Type of Plan Defined Benefit	Type of Plan 401(k)	Type of Plan Other Defined Contribution
Total	137	632	161	43
Prior to 1950	1,433	2,021	1,805	186
1950-1954	1,834	2,420	1,658	426
1955-1959	1,213	1,910	1,275	225
1960-1964	508	725	521	202
1965-1969	312	717	458	74
1970-1974	155	467	286	55
1975-1979	102	353	257	46
1980-1984	113	278	301	42
1985-1989	88	285	152	35
1990-1994	65	225	92	27
1995	42	139	54	16

Note: Excludes plans with no participants reported.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Figure B. Plans Established Each Year and Still in Existence in 1995

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for the 1995 plan year.

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Section C: Financial

Table C1: Distribution of Assets by number of participants, 1995 (amounts in millions)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
Total	$2,723,735	$1,402,079	$1,321,657	$2,458,153	$1,163,416	$1,294,737	$265,582	$238,663	$26,920
None or not reported	2,588	644	1,944	2,432	512	1,920	156	132	23
2-9	112,588	10,829	101,759	112,588	10,829	101,759	-	-	-
10-24	81,109	4,042	77,066	81,104	4,042	77,061	5	-	5
25-49	62,154	3,749	58,405	62,107	3,748	58,358	47	(3)	47
50-99	65,313	7,192	58,121	64,836	7,079	57,757	477	113	365
100-249	91,593	17,161	74,431	89,635	15,906	73,730	1,957	1,256	702
250-499	86,313	26,331	59,982	81,080	22,470	58,609	5,234	3,861	1,373
500-999	112,829	43,793	69,036	100,596	34,582	66,014	12,233	9,210	3,023
1,000-2,499	212,349	100,993	111,356	184,341	78,917	105,424	28,007	22,076	5,932
2,500-4,999	209,525	107,152	102,373	179,039	82,885	96,154	30,487	24,267	6,219
5,000-9,999	270,516	144,591	125,925	240,454	116,903	123,551	30,062	27,688	2,374
10,000-19,999	311,810	178,788	133,022	277,132	147,556	129,577	34,677	31,233	3,445
20,000-49,999	454,059	235,148	218,911	415,285	199,325	215,960	38,774	35,823	2,951
50,000 or more	650,991	521,665	129,325	567,525	438,662	128,864	83,466	83,004	462

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.
3. Less than $500,000.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table C2: Distribution of Assets by asset size, 1995 (amounts in millions)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
Total	$2,723,735	$1,402,079	$1,321,657	$2,458,153	$1,163,416	$1,294,737	$265,582	$238,663	$26,920
$1-24K	516	6	510	516	6	510	(3)	(3)	(3)
25-49K	1,329	36	1,293	1,329	36	1,293	(3)	-	(3)
50-99K	4,206	157	4,049	4,204	157	4,048	1	(3)	1
100-249K	21,294	1,206	20,088	21,284	1,205	20,079	9	1	9
250-499K	42,842	3,074	39,768	42,830	3,070	39,760	11	4	8
500-999K	70,384	7,540	62,844	70,320	7,529	62,790	64	11	53
1-2.4M	118,529	13,576	104,953	118,061	13,461	104,600	468	115	353
2.5-4.9M	91,275	13,664	77,611	89,816	13,113	76,702	1,459	551	909
5-9.9M	89,768	19,572	70,196	86,729	17,961	68,768	3,039	1,611	1,428
10-24.9M	136,753	46,825	89,927	127,036	40,442	86,595	9,716	6,384	3,333
25-49.9M	128,431	54,499	73,932	113,608	44,027	69,581	14,823	10,472	4,350
50-74.9M	86,359	42,330	44,029	74,863	33,389	41,473	11,496	8,941	2,556
75-99.9M	67,526	32,650	34,876	58,037	24,998	33,039	9,489	7,652	1,837
100-149.9M	99,842	47,789	52,053	84,555	35,202	49,353	15,287	12,587	2,699
150-199.9M	77,816	42,661	35,155	64,879	32,266	32,612	12,937	10,395	2,542
200-249.9M	64,857	32,860	31,997	54,344	23,027	31,317	10,513	9,834	679
250-499.9M	225,829	127,019	98,810	195,746	100,072	95,674	30,083	26,947	3,136
500-999.9M	276,645	164,674	111,970	235,452	126,507	108,945	41,192	38,167	3,025
1-2.49B	379,972	207,771	172,201	340,793	168,592	172,201	39,180	39,180	-
2.5B or more	739,640	544,231	195,409	673,828	478,419	195,409	65,812	65,812	-

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.
3. Less than $500,000.

Note: Excludes plans covering only one participant. The letters K, M, and B denote thousands, millions, and billions, respectively.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table C3: Distribution of Assets by industry, 1995 (amounts in millions)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
Total	$2,723,735	$1,402,079	$1,321,657	$2,458,153	$1,163,416	$1,294,737	$265,582	$238,663	$26,920
Agriculture	8,109	3,034	5,075	7,926	2,856	5,070	183	178	5
Mining	32,480	16,889	15,591	26,214	10,726	15,488	6,266	6,163	103
Construction	159,771	108,995	50,776	33,683	4,451	29,231	126,088	104,544	21,545
Manufacturing	1,148,700	639,338	509,363	1,130,563	622,064	508,499	18,137	17,274	864
Transportation	131,061	91,430	39,631	76,013	37,893	38,120	55,047	53,537	1,511
Communications and utilities	317,290	218,994	98,296	315,230	217,072	98,159	2,059	1,922	137
Wholesale trade	70,910	18,670	52,240	67,520	15,380	52,140	3,390	3,290	100
Retail trade	113,491	41,073	72,418	93,382	21,299	72,083	20,109	19,774	335
Finance, insurance & real estate	281,430	120,668	160,762	280,857	120,144	160,713	573	524	49
Services	406,643	111,908	294,735	373,021	80,506	292,515	33,622	31,401	2,220
Tax-exempt organizations	51,065	30,169	20,896	50,974	30,119	20,855	91	49	42
Industry not reported	2,786	910	1,875	2,769	905	1,864	16	6	11

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table C4: Balance Sheet of Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995 (amounts in millions)

Type of Asset or Liability	Total	Defined Benefit	Defined Contribution
Assets
Receivables
Employer contributions	$25,793	$13,617	$12,177
Participant contributions	1,599	56	1,543
Income receivables	4,901	3,007	1,894
Other receivables	13,159	7,952	5,206
Less allowance for doubtful accounts	(138)	(131)	(7)
Total receivables (net)	45,314	24,501	20,813
General Investments
Interest-bearing cash	51,107	22,267	28,840
Certificates of deposit	4,715	1,905	2,810
U.S. Government securities	142,547	112,014	30,533
Corporate debt instruments: Preferred	31,638	22,094	9,544
Corporate debt instruments: All other	51,631	38,766	12,864
Preferred stock	11,610	2,484	9,126
Common stock	323,207	239,123	84,084
Partnership/joint venture interests	10,824	10,008	817
Income-producing real estate	6,273	5,710	563
Nonincome-producing real estate	377	297	80
Residential loans (other than to participants) secured by mortgages	1,316	860	456
Commercial loans secured by mortgages	3,747	3,426	321
Mortgage loans to participants	673	95	577
Other loans to participants	16,788	37	16,751
Other loans	1,023	781	242
Value of interest in common/collective trusts	161,317	84,390	76,927
Value of interest in pooled separate accounts	64,911	34,954	29,957
Value of interest in master trusts	890,649	666,240	224,409
Value of interest in 103-12 investment entities	3,406	1,798	1,608
Value of interest in registered investment companies	202,511	35,064	167,447
Value of funds held in insurance company general account	126,224	31,545	94,679
Other or unspecified general investments	73,500	28,832	44,668
Total general investments	2,179,993	1,342,690	837,302
Employer securities	170,917	6,332	164,585
Employer real property	538	82	456
Unspecified investments	429	187	242
Total noninterest-bearing cash	2,560	1,604	956
Buildings and other property used in plan operations	234	228	6
Total Assets	2,399,984	1,375,623	1,024,361
Liabilities
Benefit claims payable	5,497	833	4,664
Operating payables	9,882	4,666	5,216
Acquisition indebtedness	16,131	494	15,636
Other liabilities	23,723	11,556	12,166
Total Liabilities	55,232	17,550	37,683
Net Assets	2,344,752	1,358,074	986,678

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table C5: Balance Sheet of Single Employer Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995⁽¹⁾ (amounts in millions)

Type of Asset or Liability	Total	Defined Benefit	Defined Contribution
Assets
Receivables
Employer contributions	$24,405	$12,438	$11,968
Participant contributions	1,583	53	1,530
Income receivables	3,602	1,859	1,743
Other receivables	11,836	6,759	5,076
Less allowance for doubtful accounts	13	17	(4)
Total receivables (net)	41,439	21,126	20,314
General Investments
Interest-bearing cash	41,778	14,190	27,588
Certificates of deposit	3,499	1,369	2,131
U.S. Government securities	79,965	57,394	22,572
Corporate debt instruments: Preferred	18,022	9,385	8,636
Corporate debt instruments: All other	33,676	23,337	10,340
Preferred stock	10,923	1,844	9,080
Common stock	237,395	156,113	81,282
Partnership/joint venture interests	9,916	9,111	805
Income-producing real estate	3,153	2,637	516
Nonincome-producing real estate	133	60	72
Residential loans (other than to participants) secured by mortgages	746	388	358
Commercial loans secured by mortgages	1,266	1,028	237
Mortgage loans to participants	571	6	564
Other loans to participants	16,511	18	16,493
Other loans	256	25	232
Value of interest in common/collective trusts	134,636	59,410	75,227
Value of interest in pooled separate accounts	60,279	30,836	29,443
Value of interest in master trusts	890,029	665,826	224,203
Value of interest in 103-12 investment entities	2,129	958	1,171
Value of interest in registered investment companies	195,599	29,528	166,071
Value of funds held in insurance company general account	116,264	24,685	91,579
Other or unspecified general investments	63,540	20,734	42,806
Total general investments	1,920,288	1,108,880	811,407
Employer securities	170,188	5,630	164,558
Employer real property	534	78	456
Unspecified investments	426	186	240
Total noninterest-bearing cash	2,201	1,295	905
Buildings and other property used in plan operations	12	10	2
Total Assets	2,135,087	1,137,206	997,881
Liabilities
Benefit claims payable	5,284	736	4,548
Operating payables	8,924	3,750	5,174
Acquisition indebtedness	16,031	406	15,625
Other liabilities	21,492	9,461	12,031
Total Liabilities	51,731	14,353	37,378
Net Assets	2,083,356	1,122,853	960,503

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table C6: Balance Sheet of Multiemployer Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995⁽¹⁾ (amounts in millions)

Type of Asset or Liability	Total	Defined Benefit	Defined Contribution
Assets
Receivables
Employer contributions	$1,388	$1,179	$209
Participant contributions	15	3	12
Income receivables	1,299	1,148	151
Other receivables	1,323	1,193	130
Less allowance for doubtful accounts	(151)	(147)	(3)
Total receivables (net)	3,875	3,376	499
General Investments
Interest-bearing cash	9,329	8,077	1,252
Certificates of deposit	1,215	537	679
U.S. Government securities	62,581	54,620	7,961
Corporate debt instruments: Preferred	13,616	12,708	908
Corporate debt instruments: All other	17,954	15,430	2,525
Preferred stock	687	641	46
Common stock	85,811	83,009	2,802
Partnership/joint venture interests	909	897	12
Income-producing real estate	3,120	3,073	47
Nonincome-producing real estate	245	237	8
Residential loans (other than to participants) secured by mortgages	570	472	98
Commercial loans secured by mortgages	2,481	2,397	83
Mortgage loans to participants	102	89	13
Other loans to participants	277	19	258
Other loans	766	756	10
Value of interest in common/collective trusts	26,681	24,981	1,700
Value of interest in pooled separate accounts	4,632	4,118	514
Value of interest in master trusts	620	414	206
Value of interest in 103-12 investment entities	1,277	840	436
Value of interest in registered investment companies	6,912	5,536	1,376
Value of funds held in insurance company general account	9,959	6,860	3,100
Other or unspecified general investments	9,960	8,098	1,861
Total general investments	259,705	233,810	25,895
Employer securities	729	702	28
Employer real property	4	4	(2)
Unspecified investments	3	(2)	3
Total noninterest-bearing cash	360	308	51
Buildings and other property used in plan operations	222	218	4
Total Assets	264,897	238,417	26,480
Liabilities
Benefit claims payable	213	97	116
Operating payables	958	916	42
Acquisition indebtedness	100	88	11
Other liabilities	2,231	2,096	135
Total Liabilities	3,501	3,197	304
Net Assets	261,396	235,221	26,175

Footnotes

1. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.
2. Less than $500,000.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table C7: Percent Distribution of Assets of Defined Benefit Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of asset and size of plan, 1995

Type of Asset	Total	$1-.9M	$1.0M-9.9M	$10.0M-249.9M	$250.0M-999.9M	$1.0B or More
Total Assets	100	100	100	100	100	100
Cash	2	9	5	3	2	1
Receivables	2	8	3	2	2	1
U.S. Government securities	8	4	9	12	10	6
Corporate debt instruments: Preferred	2	4	1	2	2	2
Corporate debt instruments: All other	3	2	3	4	4	2
Corporate stocks	18	5	13	21	19	16
Real estate and mortgages (other than to participants)	1	(1)	(1)	1	1	1
Other loans to participants	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Value of interest in common/collective trusts	6	9	11	7	5	6
Value of interest in pooled separate accounts	3	5	8	4	2	2
Value of interest in master trusts	48	18	20	33	45	57
Value of interest in registered investment companies	3	9	10	5	3	1
Value of funds held in insurance company general account	2	15	12	3	2	1
Employer securities	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	1
Other investments	3	13	4	3	3	3

Footnotes

1. Less than one percent.

Notes: The letters M and B in the column headings denote millions and billions, respectively. Percentage distributions may not add to 100 because of rounding.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table C8: Percent Distribution of Assets of Defined Contribution Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of asset and size of plan, 1995

Type of Asset	Total	$1-.9M	$1.0M-9.9M	$10.0M-249.9M	$250.0M-999.9M	$1.0B or More
Total Assets	100	100	100	100	100	100
Cash	3	7	6	4	3	2
Receivables	2	6	3	2	2	1
U.S. Government securities	3	2	4	4	3	2
Corporate debt instruments: Preferred	1	5	4	1	(1)	1
Corporate debt instruments: All other	1	1	2	2	1	1
Corporate stocks	9	4	7	9	9	10
Real estate and mortgages (other than to participants)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Other loans to participants	2	1	2	2	2	2
Value of interest in common/collective trusts	8	6	9	10	6	6
Value of interest in pooled separate accounts	3	18	11	4	1	1
Value of interest in master trusts	22	2	3	12	24	35
Value of interest in registered investment companies	16	21	25	25	15	6
Value of funds held in insurance company general account	9	12	11	9	9	9
Employer securities	16	3	5	11	21	21
Other investments	5	12	8	4	5	4

Footnotes

1. Less than one percent.

Notes: The letters M and B in the column headings denote millions and billions, respectively. Percentage distributions may not add to 100 because of rounding.

SOURCE: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table C9: Income Statement of Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995 (amounts in millions)

Income and Expenses	Total	Defined Benefit	Defined Contribution
Income
Contributions received or receivable from:
Employers	$74,653	$37,994	$36,659
Participants	51,789	550	51,239
Others	3,404	410	2,994
Noncash contributions	836	64	773
Total contributions	130,682	39,017	91,665
Interest earnings
Interest-bearing cash	6,070	2,465	3,605
Certificates of deposit	275	110	165
U.S. Government securities	8,172	6,547	1,625
Corporate debt instruments	4,940	3,913	1,027
Mortgage loans	312	254	58
Other loans	884	44	841
Other or unspecified interest	13,022	4,311	8,711
Total interest earnings	33,675	17,644	16,032
Dividends
Preferred stock	1,363	178	1,185
Common stock	12,924	5,470	7,453
Total dividend income	14,288	5,649	8,640
Rents	368	268	100
Net gain (loss) on sale of Assets	32,145	23,704	8,441
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of Assets	120,317	57,767	62,550
Net investment gain (loss) from common/collective trusts	18,975	10,834	8,140
Net investment gain (loss) from pooled separate accounts	9,610	5,240	4,370
Net investment gain (loss) from master trusts	157,188	119,724	37,465
Net investment gain (loss) from 103-12 investment entities	406	240	166
Net investment gain (loss) from registered investment companies	24,268	3,744	20,524
Other or unspecified income	6,233	2,674	3,559
Total Income	548,155	286,505	261,650
Expenses
Benefit payments and payments to provide benefits
Direct benefits	144,748	74,915	69,833
Payments to insurance carriers	3,036	2,729	308
Other benefits	1,316	391	925
Total payments	149,099	78,034	71,065
Interest expense	2,329	15	2,314
Administrative expenses
Salaries and allowances	251	210	41
Accounting fees	125	83	42
Actuarial fees	373	354	19
Contract administrator fees	413	272	141
Investment advisory and management fees	2,677	2,225	452
Legal fees	133	111	22
Valuation/appraisal fees	14	7	6
Trustee fees/expenses	555	339	216
Other administrative expenses	1,770	1,362	408
Total administrative expenses	6,310	4,964	1,346
Other or unspecified expenses	21	3	19
Total Expenses	157,759	83,015	74,744
Net Income	390,396	203,490	186,907

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table C10: Income Statement of Single Employer Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995 (amounts in millions)

Income and Expenses	Total	Defined Benefit	Defined Contribution
Income
Contributions received or receivable from:
Employers	$63,710	$29,263	$34,447
Participants	51,616	517	51,099
Others	3,348	364	2,984
Noncash contributions	836	63	773
Total contributions	119,510	30,208	89,302
Interest earnings
Interest-bearing cash	5,257	1,761	3,496
Certificates of deposit	201	79	122
U.S. Government securities	4,292	3,138	1,154
Corporate debt instruments	2,746	1,929	817
Mortgage loans	85	38	47
Other loans	828	21	807
Other or unspecified interest	11,395	2,942	8,453
Total interest earnings	24,803	9,907	14,896
Dividends
Preferred stock	1,295	117	1,178
Common stock	11,246	3,866	7,379
Total dividend income	12,542	3,983	8,558
Rents	226	128	98
Net gain (loss) on sale of Assets	23,822	15,683	8,138
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of Assets	100,784	39,272	61,513
Net investment gain (loss) from common/collective trusts	15,869	7,875	7,994
Net investment gain (loss) from pooled separate accounts	9,152	4,843	4,309
Net investment gain (loss) from master trusts	157,107	119,654	37,453
Net investment gain (loss) from 103-12 investment entities	278	154	124
Net investment gain (loss) from registered investment companies	23,563	3,167	20,396
Other or unspecified income	5,924	2,392	3,532
Total Income	493,579	237,266	256,312
Expenses
Benefit payments and payments to provide benefits
Direct benefits	130,188	61,873	68,315
Payments to insurance carriers	1,988	1,683	305
Other benefits	1,258	355	902
Total payments	133,433	63,912	69,521
Interest expense	2,323	9	2,314
Administrative expenses
Salaries and allowances	86	58	29
Accounting fees	80	46	34
Actuarial fees	313	296	16
Contract administrator fees	257	137	121
Investment advisory and management fees	1,927	1,538	389
Legal fees	43	32	10
Valuation/appraisal fees	12	6	6
Trustee fees/expenses	531	318	212
Other administrative expenses	1,376	1,014	362
Total administrative expenses	4,625	3,446	1,179
Other or unspecified expenses	21	3	19
Total Expenses	140,402	67,370	73,032
Net Income	353,177	169,897	183,280

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table C11: Income Statement of Multiemployer Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995 (amounts in millions)

Income and Expenses	Total	Defined Benefit	Defined Contribution
Income
Contributions received or receivable from:
Employers	$10,943	$8,730	$2,213
Participants	173	32	141
Others	55	46	9
Noncash contributions	1	1	0
Total contributions	11,172	8,809	2,363
Interest earnings
Interest-bearing cash	813	705	109
Certificates of deposit	74	31	43
U.S. Government securities	3,880	3,409	471
Corporate debt instruments	2,194	1,985	210
Mortgage loans	228	216	11
Other loans	57	23	34
Other or unspecified interest	1,627	1,369	258
Total interest earnings	8,872	7,737	1,135
Dividends
Preferred stock	68	62	7
Common stock	1,678	1,604	74
Total dividend income	1,747	1,665	81
Rents	143	140	2
Net gain (loss) on sale of Assets	8,323	8,020	303
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of Assets	19,533	18,495	1,037
Net investment gain (loss) from common/collective trusts	3,106	2,960	146
Net investment gain (loss) from pooled separate accounts	458	397	61
Net investment gain (loss) from master trusts	81	69	12
Net investment gain (loss) from 103-12 investment entities	128	86	42
Net investment gain (loss) from registered investment companies	705	577	128
Other or unspecified income	309	282	27
Total Income	54,576	49,238	5,338
Expenses
Benefit payments and payments to provide benefits
Direct benefits	14,560	13,041	1,518
Payments to insurance carriers	1,048	1,045	3
Other benefits	58	35	23
Total payments	15,666	14,122	1,544
Interest expense	6	5	(1)
Administrative expenses
Salaries and allowances	164	152	12
Accounting fees	45	37	8
Actuarial fees	61	58	3
Contract administrator fees	155	135	20
Investment advisory and management fees	750	688	63
Legal fees	90	78	12
Valuation/appraisal fees	1	1	(1)
Trustee fees/expenses	24	21	3
Other administrative expenses	394	348	46
Total administrative expenses	1,686	1,518	167
Other or unspecified expenses	(1)	(1)	(1)
Total Expenses	17,357	15,645	1,711
Net Income	37,220	33,593	3,627

Footnotes

1. Less than $500,000.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table C12: Percentage Distribution of Income of Defined Benefit Plans with 100 or More Participants by source of income and size of plan, 1995

Income and Expenses	Total	$1-.9M	$1.0M-9.9M	$10.0M-249.9M	$250.0M-999.9M	$1.0B or More
Total Income	100	100	100	100	100	100
Contributions received or receivable from:
Employers	13	53	31	18	16	9
Participants	(1)	1	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Others	(1)	1	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Total contributions	14	54	31	19	16	10
Interest earnings:
Interest-bearing cash	1	2	2	1	1	1
Certificates of deposit	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
U.S. Government securities	2	1	2	3	3	2
Corporate debt instruments	1	(1)	1	2	2	1
Mortgage loans	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Other loans	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Other or unspecified interest	2	4	4	2	2	1
Total interest earnings	6	8	10	8	7	5
Total dividend income	2	1	2	3	2	2
Net gain (loss) on sale of Assets	8	4	5	9	9	8
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of Assets	20	7	18	24	21	18
Net investment gain (loss) from common/collective trusts	4	3	6	4	3	4
Net investment gain (loss) from pooled separate accounts	2	2	5	3	2	1
Net investment gain (loss) from master trusts	42	10	16	27	38	51
Net investment gain (loss) from registered investment companies	1	3	5	3	2	(1)
Other or unspecified income	1	8	3	1	1	1

Footnotes

1. Less than one percent.

Notes: Percentage distributions may not add to 100 because of rounding.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table C13: Percentage Distribution of Income of Defined Contribution Plans with 100 or More Participants by source of income and size of plan, 1995

Income and Expenses	Total	$1-.9M	$1.0M-9.9M	$10.0M-249.9M	$250.0M-999.9M	$1.0B or More
Total Income	100	100	100	100	100	100
Contributions received or receivable from:
Employers	14	26	21	17	13	9
Participants	20	44	29	22	18	15
Others	1	3	3	1	1	(1)
Total contributions	35	73	53	41	32	24
Interest earnings
Interest-bearing cash	1	1	2	2	1	1
Certificates of deposit	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
U.S. Government securities	1	(1)	1	1	1	(1)
Corporate debt instruments	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Mortgage loans	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Other loans	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Other or unspecified interest	3	2	3	3	3	4
Total interest earnings	6	3	6	7	6	6
Total dividend income	3	1	2	3	4	4
Net gain (loss) on sale of Assets	3	1	3	3	4	3
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of Assets	24	3	11	20	29	30
Net investment gain (loss) from common/collective trusts	3	1	3	4	3	2
Net investment gain (loss) from pooled separate accounts	2	5	6	2	(1)	1
Net investment gain (loss) from master trusts	14	(1)	1	7	14	26
Net investment gain (loss) from registered investment companies	8	5	11	13	7	3
Other or unspecified income	1	6	5	1	2	(1)

Footnotes

1. Less than one percent.

Note: Percentage distribution may not add to 100 because of rounding.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Figure C. Average Assets per Participant by plan size, 1995

Note: Each point shows the average assets per participant among plans reporting specific numbers of participants. For plans having more than 307 participants, averages are computed over participation intervals just wide enough to include at least 60 plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Section D: Defined Contribution Plans

Table D1: Balance Sheet of Defined Contribution Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995 (amounts in millions)

Type of Asset or Liability	Total Defined Contribution Plans	Profit Sharing and Thrift-Savings Plans	Stock Bonus Plans	Target Benefit Plans	Money Purchase Plans	Other Defined Contribution Plans
Assets
Receivables
Employer contributions	$12,177	$9,709	$1,266	$35	$1,054	$113
Participant contributions	1,543	1,418	63	4	33	25
Income receivables	1,894	1,514	97	5	220	58
Other receivables	5,206	3,743	1,251	2	184	27
Less allowance for doubtful accounts	(7)	(3)	(1)	0	(4)	(1)
Total receivables (net)	20,813	16,381	2,677	46	1,487	222
General Investments
Interest-bearing cash	28,840	23,892	2,048	43	2,543	313
Certificates of deposit	2,810	1,823	44	1	804	137
U.S. Government securities	30,533	19,924	522	81	8,797	1,208
Corporate debt instruments: Preferred	9,544	8,063	76	25	1,172	207
Corporate debt instruments: All other	12,864	8,840	573	24	2,987	441
Preferred stock	9,126	8,347	630	2	112	35
Common stock	84,084	63,839	9,591	145	8,652	1,857
Partnership/joint venture interests	817	653	3	1	152	8
Income-producing real estate	563	328	3	(1)	200	32
Nonincome-producing real estate	80	67	1	(1)	6	6
Residential loans (other than to participants) secured by mortgages	456	307	6	(1)	136	7
Commercial loans secured by mortgages	321	223	5	(1)	90	2
Mortgage loans to participants	577	558	1	(1)	16	2
Other loans to participants	16,751	15,286	1,018	4	400	44
Other loans	242	221	(1)	(1)	20	(1)
Value of interest in common/collective trusts	76,927	70,527	2,195	109	3,500	595
Value of interest in pooled separate accounts	29,957	27,823	58	21	1,923	132
Value of interest in master trusts	224,409	202,435	14,322	711	6,843	98
Value of interest in 103-12 investment entities	1,608	1,317	67	0	223	1
Value of interest in registered investment companies	167,447	153,347	3,830	268	8,951	1,050
Value of funds held in insurance company general account	94,679	84,295	2,007	72	7,691	614
Other or unspecified general investments	44,668	38,555	1,949	22	3,648	494
Total general investments	837,302	730,670	38,951	1,529	58,868	7,284
Employer securities	164,585	114,816	41,357	40	911	7,462
Employer real property	456	417	3	0	(1)	36
Unspecified investments	242	236	(1)	(1)	7	(1)
Total noninterest-bearing cash	956	786	49	2	103	16
Buildings and other property used in plan operations	6	1	0	(1)	4	1
Total Assets	1,024,361	863,307	83,037	1,616	61,380	15,021
Liabilities
Benefit claims payable	4,664	3,495	725	8	285	150
Operating payables	5,216	4,256	748	1	47	164
Acquisition indebtedness	15,636	7,392	6,956	1	68	1,219
Other liabilities	12,166	8,217	3,221	2	237	489
Total Liabilities	37,683	23,360	11,650	12	637	2,023
Net Assets	986,678	839,946	71,387	1,605	60,743	12,998

Footnotes

1. Less than $500,000.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table D2: Income Statement of Defined Contribution Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1995 (amounts in millions)

Income and Expenses	Total Defined Contribution Plans	Profit Sharing and Thrift-Savings Plans	Stock Bonus Plans	Target Benefit Plans	Money Purchase Plans	Other Defined Contribution Plans
Income
Contributions received or receivable from:
Employers	$36,659	$27,538	$3,619	$106	$4,627	$769
Participants	51,239	48,064	2,341	21	599	215
Others	2,994	2,688	235	1	65	4
Noncash contributions	773	558	201	(1)	5	8
Total contributions	91,665	78,848	6,396	129	5,295	996
Interest earnings
Interest-bearing cash	3,605	3,068	171	7	327	31
Certificates of deposit	165	111	3	(1)	42	9
U.S. Government securities	1,625	1,083	10	4	456	72
Corporate debt instruments	1,027	756	4	2	235	29
Mortgage loans	58	44	(1)	(1)	14	1
Other loans	841	770	43	(1)	25	3
Other or unspecified interest	8,711	7,892	195	6	577	42
Total interest earnings	16,032	13,723	427	19	1,675	187
Dividends
Preferred stock	1,185	724	356	(1)	23	82
Common stock	7,453	5,924	1,079	5	318	128
Total dividend income	8,640	6,648	1,435	5	341	210
Rents	100	88	1	0	11	1
Net gain (loss) on sale of Assets	8,441	6,867	674	9	747	144
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of Assets	62,550	48,434	9,658	53	2,614	1,790
Net investment gain (loss) from common/collective trusts	8,140	7,361	274	6	344	155
Net investment gain (loss) from pooled separate accounts	4,370	4,075	6	3	269	16
Net investment gain (loss) from master trusts	37,465	32,674	3,732	134	916	9
Net investment gain (loss) from 103-12 investment entities	166	141	2	0	23	(1)
Net investment gain (loss) from registered investment companies	20,524	18,643	638	26	1,145	72
Other or unspecified income	3,559	2,812	395	4	206	142
Total Income	261,650	220,314	23,639	387	13,586	3,724
Expenses
Benefit payments and payments to provide benefits
Direct benefits	69,833	59,992	5,232	109	3,668	832
Payments to insurance carriers	308	103	20	3	156	25
Other benefits	925	466	379	1	60	20
Total payments	71,065	60,560	5,631	112	3,884	877
Interest expense	2,314	1,281	885	(1)	5	143
Administrative expenses
Salaries and allowances	41	22	1	(1)	16	2
Accounting fees	42	30	1	(1)	9	2
Actuarial fees	19	14	(1)	(1)	3	1
Contract administrator fees	141	103	4	(1)	29	5
Investment advisory and management fees	452	340	10	2	90	11
Legal fees	22	10	1	(1)	9	2
Valuation/appraisal fees	6	5	1	0	1	(1)
Trustee fees/expenses	216	187	11	1	14	2
Other administrative expenses	408	318	17	1	57	15
Total administrative expenses	1,346	1,030	46	3	227	39
Other or unspecified expenses	19	3	5	(1)	1	9
Total Expenses	74,744	62,874	6,568	116	4,117	1,069
Net Income	186,907	157,440	17,070	272	9,470	2,655

Footnotes

1. Less than $500,000.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table D3: Number of 401(k) Type Plans, Participants, Active Participants, Assets, Contributions, and Benefits by type of plan, 1995

Type of Plan	Number of Plans(1)	Total Participants (thousands)(2)	Active Participants (thousands)(3)	Total Assets (millions)	Total Contributions (millions)(4)	Total Benefits (millions)(5)
Total	200,813	31,385	28,061	$863,918	$87,416	$62,163
Profit sharing and thrift-savings	197,832	29,939	26,779	810,385	83,241	58,350
Stock bonus	481	1,051	911	46,386	3,399	3,306
Target benefit	63	4	4	37	10	4
Money purchase	1,737	362	340	6,573	685	455
Annuity-403(b)(1)	163	3	3	33	6	4
Custodial account-403(b)(7)	34	2	2	49	11	5
IRAs or annuities (Code 408)	133	14	13	226	34	17
Other defined contribution	368	10	10	230	30	23

Footnotes

1. Excludes plans covering only one participant.
2. Includes active, retired, and separated vested participants not yet in pay status. The number of participants also includes double counting of workers in more than one plan.
3. Active participants include any workers currently in employment covered by a plan and who are earning or retaining credited service under a plan. Active participants also include nonvested former employees who have not yet incurred a break in service.
4. Includes both employer and employee contributions.
5. Amounts shown include both benefits paid directly from trust funds and premium payments made by plans to insurance carriers. Amounts exclude benefits made directly by insurance carriers.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table D4: Number of 401(k) Type Plans by number of participants and primary or supplemental status, 1995

Number of Participants	Total	401(k) Plan is Only Plan Sponsored by Employer	Employer Sponsoring 401(k) Plan Also Sponsors Another Pension Plan(s)
Total	200,813	175,353	25,460
None or not reported	6,458	5,533	925
2-9	37,299	33,699	3,600
10-24	57,051	52,655	4,396
25-49	42,783	39,400	3,383
50-99	25,885	22,932	2,953
100-249	17,074	13,287	3,787
250-499	6,687	4,436	2,251
500-999	3,469	1,896	1,573
1,000-2,499	2,398	1,093	1,305
2,500-4,999	859	261	598
5,000-9,999	487	104	383
10,000-19,999	215	44	171
20,000-49,999	117	12	105
50,000 or more	33	3	30

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table D5: Number of Active Participants in 401(k) Type Plans by number of participants and primary or supplemental status, 1995 (numbers in thousands)

Number of Participants	Total	401(k) Plan is Only Plan Sponsored by Employer	Employer Sponsoring 401(k) Plan Also Sponsors Another Pension Plan(s)
Total	28,061	12,336	15,725
2-9	178	161	17
10-24	768	706	62
25-49	1,306	1,202	104
50-99	1,933	1,731	203
100-249	2,333	1,796	537
250-499	2,086	1,389	697
500-999	2,187	1,195	992
1,000-2,499	3,280	1,496	1,784
2,500-4,999	2,616	799	1,817
5,000-9,999	3,058	663	2,395
10,000-19,999	2,625	592	2,033
20,000-49,999	3,101	290	2,810
50,000 or more	2,591	317	2,274

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table D6: Balance Sheet of 401(k) Type Plans with 100 or More Participants 1995 (amounts in millions)

Type of Asset or Liability	Total	401(k) Plan is Only Plan Sponsored by Employer	Employer Sponsoring 401(k) Plan Also Sponsors Another Pension Plan(s)
Assets
Receivables
Employer contributions	$6,746	$2,793	$3,953
Participant contributions	1,402	479	923
Income receivables	1,274	354	919
Other receivables	4,571	540	4,032
Less allowance for doubtful accounts	(2)	(1)	(1)
Total receivables (net)	13,992	4,165	9,826
General Investments
Interest-bearing cash	19,679	6,694	12,986
Certificates of deposit	1,439	462	977
U.S. Government securities	12,699	4,060	8,640
Corporate debt instruments: Preferred	5,796	2,185	3,611
Corporate debt instruments: All other	6,197	1,979	4,217
Preferred stock	2,644	225	2,419
Common stock	47,495	11,785	35,710
Partnership/joint venture interests	347	286	60
Income-producing real estate	176	113	63
Nonincome-producing real estate	34	22	11
Residential loans (other than to participants) secured by mortgages	212	73	139
Commercial loans secured by mortgages	86	57	29
Mortgage loans to participants	504	143	361
Other loans to participants	15,115	2,912	12,203
Other loans	167	69	98
Value of interest in common/collective trusts	64,384	14,662	49,721
Value of interest in pooled separate accounts	25,824	12,486	13,338
Value of interest in master trusts	186,929	8,967	177,962
Value of interest in 103-12 investment entities	991	239	752
Value of interest in registered investment companies	142,424	45,045	97,379
Value of funds held in insurance company general account	79,410	13,998	65,412
Other or unspecified general investments	31,868	8,083	23,785
Total general investments	644,420	134,545	509,875
Employer securities	114,370	8,386	105,983
Employer real property	319	318	1
Unspecified investments	217	116	101
Total noninterest-bearing cash	623	240	384
Buildings and other property used in plan operations	(1)	(1)	(1)
Total Assets	773,941	147,771	626,170
Liabilities
Benefit claims payable	2,948	615	2,332
Operating payables	4,419	280	4,139
Acquisition indebtedness	6,012	636	5,375
Other liabilities	8,749	802	7,947
Total Liabilities	22,127	2,334	19,793
Net Assets	751,814	145,437	606,377

Footnotes

1. Less than $500,000.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table D7: Income Statement of 401(k) Type Plans with 100 or More Participants 1995 (amounts in millions)

Income and Expenses	Total	401(k) Plan is Only Plan Sponsored by Employer	Employer Sponsoring 401(k) Plan Also Sponsors Another Pension Plan(s)
Income
Contributions received or receivable from:
Employers	$22,978	$6,965	$16,013
Participants	47,931	12,549	35,382
Others	2,548	1,002	1,546
Noncash contributions	487	43	445
Total contributions	73,944	20,559	53,386
Interest earnings
Interest-bearing cash	2,703	684	2,019
Certificates of deposit	85	22	63
U.S. Government securities	696	209	487
Corporate debt instruments	537	162	375
Mortgage loans	30	12	19
Other loans	738	141	597
Other or unspecified interest	7,065	1,143	5,922
Total interest earnings	11,854	2,372	9,482
Dividends
Preferred stock	816	67	749
Common stock	5,376	686	4,690
Total dividend income	6,193	753	5,439
Rents	53	42	11
Net gain (loss) on sale of Assets	5,725	1,121	4,604
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of Assets	43,298	6,266	37,032
Net investment gain (loss) from common/collective trusts	6,734	1,700	5,034
Net investment gain (loss) from pooled separate accounts	3,819	1,809	2,010
Net investment gain (loss) from master trusts	31,357	1,503	29,853
Net investment gain (loss) from 103-12 investment entities	103	48	54
Net investment gain (loss) from registered investment companies	17,740	5,874	11,866
Other or unspecified income	2,614	1,016	1,598
Total Income	203,433	43,064	160,369
Expenses
Benefit payments and payments to provide benefits
Direct benefits	53,540	10,994	42,547
Payments to insurance carriers	72	58	14
Other benefits	551	95	456
Total payments	54,162	11,145	43,017
Interest expense	1,202	42	1,160
Administrative expenses
Salaries and allowances	17	3	14
Accounting fees	23	11	13
Actuarial fees	12	3	9
Contract administrator fees	95	38	58
Investment advisory and management fees	257	109	148
Legal fees	6	3	2
Valuation/appraisal fees	4	1	3
Trustee fees/expenses	162	53	109
Other administrative expenses	270	82	188
Total administrative expenses	846	302	544
Other or unspecified expenses	3	(1)	4
Total Expenses	56,214	11,488	44,725
Net Income	147,219	31,576	115,644

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table D8: Number of Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs), Total Participants, Active Participants, Assets, Contributions, and Benefits by type of plan, 1995

Type of Plan	Number of Plans(1)	Total Participants (thousands)(2)	Active Participants (thousands)(3)	Total Assets (millions)	Total Contributions (millions)(4)	Total Benefits (millions)(5)
Total	9,232	7,248	6,353	$262,286	$16,200	$18,809
Profit sharing and thrift-savings	3,154	3,696	3,238	183,877	10,609	13,429
Stock bonus	4,413	2,956	2,614	67,063	4,952	4,660
Target benefit	5	3	2	44	5	4
Money purchase	290	41	35	1,174	81	119
Annuity - 403(b) (1)	1	0	0	0	0	0
Custodial account - 403(b)(7)	12	2	2	48	9	5
IRAs or annuities (Code 408)	58	0	0	30	1	0
Other defined contribution	1,299	549	462	10,050	542	591

Footnotes

1. Excludes plans covering only one participant.
2. Includes active, retired, and separated vested participants not yet in pay status. The number of participants also includes double counting of workers in more than one plan.
3. Active participants include any workers currently in employment covered by a plan and who are earning or retaining credited service under a plan. Active particpants also include nonvested former employees who have not yet incurred a break in service.
4. Includes both employer and employee contributions.
5. Amounts shown include both benefits paid directly from trust funds and premium payments made by plans to insurance carriers. Amounts exclude benefits made directly by insurance carriers.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning 1995.

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Table D9: Number of Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs), Total Participants, Active Participants, Assets, Contributions, and Benefits by type of ESOP, 1995

Type of Plan	Number of Plans(1)	Total Participants (thousands)(2)	Active Participants (thousands)(3)	Total Assets (millions)	Total Contributions (millions)(4)	Total Benefits (millions)(5)
Total ESOPS	9,232	7,248	6,353	$262,286	$16,200	$18,809
Nonleveraged ESOPs	5,968	3,391	3,034	62,110	4,639	7,128
Leveraged ESOPs	3,263	3,857	3,319	200,176	11,561	11,681

Footnotes

1. Excludes plans covering only one participant.
2. Includes active, retired, and separated vested participants not yet in pay status. The number of participants also includes double counting of workers in more than one plan.
3. Active participants include any workers currently in employment covered by a plan and who are earning or retaining credited service under a plan. Active particpants also include nonvested former employees who have not yet incurred a break in service.
4. Includes both employer and employee contributions.
5. Amounts shown include both benefits paid directly from trust funds and premium payments made by plans to insurance carriers. Amounts exclude benefits made directly by insurance carriers.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table D10: Balance Sheet of Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) with 100 or More Participants by leveraged status, 1995 (amounts in millions)

Type of Asset or Liability	Total ESOPs	Nonleveraged ESOPs	Leveraged ESOPs
Assets
Receivables
Employer contributions	$2,222	$895	$1,327
Participant contributions	227	79	148
Income receivables	421	90	332
Other receivables	627	111	516
Less allowance for doubtful accounts	(1)	0	(1)
Total receivables (net)	3,498	1,175	2,323
General Investments
Interest-bearing cash	2,737	1,349	1,388
Certificates of deposit	185	30	154
U.S. Government securities	2,427	599	1,828
Corporate debt instruments: Preferred	3,096	360	2,736
Corporate debt instruments: All other	932	277	655
Preferred stock	7,537	1,327	6,211
Common stock	23,405	5,303	18,102
Partnership/joint venture interests	21	19	2
Income-producing real estate	15	14	1
Nonincome-producing real estate	3	1	2
Residential loans (other than to participants) secured by mortgages	6	6	(1)
Commercial loans secured by mortgages	7	6	(1)
Mortgage loans to participants	15	5	10
Other loans to participants	3,359	709	2,650
Other loans	4	3	1
Value of interest in common/collective trusts	11,243	3,912	7,331
Value of interest in pooled separate accounts	955	271	684
Value of interest in master trusts	64,179	9,018	55,161
Value of interest in 103-12 investment entities	220	180	40
Value of interest in registered investment companies	12,621	3,237	9,384
Value of funds held in insurance company general account	13,643	2,633	11,010
Other or unspecified general investments	6,610	1,968	4,642
Total general investments	153,221	31,226	121,995
Employer securities	99,510	26,457	73,052
Employer real property	45	6	39
Unspecified investments	(1)	(1)	(1)
Total noninterest-bearing cash	88	34	54
Buildings and other property used in plan operations	0	0	0
Total Assets	256,362	58,898	197,463
Liabilities
Benefit claims payable	1,411	685	726
Operating payables	1,656	54	1,602
Acquisition indebtedness	15,496	863	14,634
Other liabilities	11,147	223	10,924
Total Liabilities	29,710	1,824	27,886
Net Assets	>226,652	>57,074	>169,577

Footnotes

1. Less than $500,000.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table D11: Income Statement of Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) with 100 or More Participants by leveraged status, 1995 (amounts in millions)

Income and Expenses	Total ESOPs	Nonleveraged ESOPs	Leveraged ESOPs
Income
Contributions received or receivable from:
Employers	$7,234	$2,051	$5,183
Participants	7,708	2,099	5,609
Others	375	80	295
Noncash contributions	359	140	219
Total contributions	15,677	4,371	11,306
Interest earnings
Interest-bearing cash	666	270	396
Certificates of deposit	11	5	6
U.S. Government securities	95	22	73
Corporate debt instruments	184	13	171
Mortgage loans	1	1	(1)
Other loans	161	35	127
Other or unspecified interest	900	144	756
Total interest earnings	2,020	490	1,530
Dividends
Preferred stock	873	82	791
Common stock	2,939	760	2,179
Total dividend income	3,812	842	2,970
Rents	20	3	17
Net gain (loss) on sale of Assets	1,839	499	1,339
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of Assets	24,979	5,129	19,850
Net investment gain (loss) from common/collective trusts	1,413	610	803
Net investment gain (loss) from pooled separate accounts	209	40	168
Net investment gain (loss) from master trusts	12,544	1,239	11,305
Net investment gain (loss) from 103-12 investment entities	8	6	2
Net investment gain (loss) from registered investment companies	1,250	435	815
Other or unspecified income	592	71	521
Total Income	64,362	13,736	50,626
Expenses
Benefit payments and payments to provide benefits
Direct benefits	16,087	5,106	10,981
Payments to insurance carriers	22	2	20
Other benefits	517	87	430
Total payments	16,626	5,195	11,431
Interest expense	2,182	125	2,057
Administrative expenses
Salaries and allowances	1	1	1
Accounting fees	4	1	2
Actuarial fees	1	(1)	(1)
Contract administrator fees	13	4	9
Investment advisory and management fees	31	13	18
Legal fees	2	1	1
Valuation/appraisal fees	1	1	1
Trustee fees/expenses	34	9	25
Other administrative expenses	118	13	105
Total administrative expenses	205	43	162
Other or unspecified expenses	15	(1)	15
Total Expenses	19,028	5,362	13,665
Net Income	45,334	8,373	36,961

Footnotes

1. Less than $500,000.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Table D12: Number of Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) by number of participants and primary or supplemental status, 1995

Number of Participants	Total	ESOP Plan is Only Plan Sponsored by Employer	Employer Sponsoring ESOP Plan Also Sponsors Another Pension Plan(s)
Total	9,232	5,277	3,954
None or not reported	598	329	270
2-9	922	657	265
10-24	1,403	938	465
25-49	1,474	1,094	380
50-99	1,826	1,203	623
100-249	1,318	656	663
250-499	631	208	424
500-999	363	80	283
1,000-2,499	308	72	236
2,500-4,999	143	22	121
5,000-9,999	111	11	100
10,000-19,999	58	3	55
20,000-49,999	55	4	51
50,000 or more	21	1	20

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.

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Figure D. Number of 401(k) Plans 1984-95

Reference: Table E23.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1984-95 plan years.

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Section E: Historical Tables

Table E1: Number of Pension Plans by type of plan, 1975-95

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
1975	311,094	103,346	207,748	308,651	101,214	207,437	2,443	2,132	311
1976	359,980	113,970	246,010	357,521	111,859	245,662	2,459	2,111	348
1977	402,627	121,655	280,972	400,134	119,525	280,609	2,493	2,130	363
1978	442,998	128,407	314,591	440,443	126,238	314,205	2,555	2,169	386
1979	470,921	139,489	331,432	468,265	137,243	331,022	2,656	2,246	410
1980	488,901	148,096	340,805	486,142	145,764	340,378	2,759	2,332	427
1981	545,611	167,293	378,318	542,789	165,042	377,747	2,822	2,252	570
1982	594,456	174,998	419,458	591,417	172,662	418,755	3,039	2,336	703
1983	602,848	175,143	427,705	599,822	172,843	426,979	3,026	2,300	726
1984	604,434	168,015	436,419	601,413	165,732	435,681	3,021	2,283	738
1985	632,135	170,172	461,963	629,069	167,911	461,158	3,066	2,261	805
1986	717,627	172,642	544,985	714,563	170,431	544,132	3,063	2,210	853
1987	733,029	163,065	569,964	729,909	160,904	569,005	3,112	2,157	955
1988	729,922	145,952	583,971	726,648	143,833	582,815	3,275	2,119	1,156
1989	731,356	132,467	598,889	728,276	130,472	597,804	3,080	1,995	1,085
1990	712,308	113,062	599,245	709,404	111,251	598,153	2,904	1,812	1,092
1991	699,294	101,752	597,542	696,300	99,931	596,369	2,994	1,821	1,173
1992	708,335	88,621	619,714	705,226	86,797	618,429	3,109	1,824	1,285
1993	702,097	83,596	618,501	698,918	81,737	617,180	3,179	1,859	1,320
1994	690,344	74,422	615,922	687,158	72,555	614,603	3,186	1,867	1,319
1995	693,404	69,492	623,912	690,265	67,682	622,584	3,139	1,810	1,328

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E2: Number of Pension Plans with Fewer Than 100 Participants by type of plan, 1975-95

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
1975	282,472	83,311	199,161	282,285	83,198	199,087	187	113	74
1976	329,855	93,410	236,445	329,615	93,244	236,371	240	166	74
1977	372,010	101,258	270,752	371,719	101,038	270,681	291	220	71
1978	408,665	105,474	303,191	408,401	105,323	303,078	265	151	113
1979	435,334	116,143	319,191	435,053	115,954	319,099	281	189	92
1980	451,046	123,591	327,455	450,740	123,340	327,400	306	251	55
1981	505,368	142,304	363,064	505,109	142,165	362,944	259	139	120
1982	552,258	149,600	402,658	551,899	149,391	402,508	359	309	150
1983	558,146	149,164	408,982	557,847	148,955	408,892	299	209	90
1984	558,943	142,912	416,031	558,649	142,699	415,950	293	213	81
1985	583,476	145,430	438,046	583,171	145,292	437,879	305	138	167
1986	666,669	148,168	518,501	666,424	148,005	518,419	245	163	82
1987	681,238	139,644	541,594	680,921	139,472	541,449	310	169	141
1988	675,525	123,146	552,378	675,117	122,962	552,154	408	184	224
1989	675,706	111,048	564,658	675,470	110,941	564,529	236	107	129
1990	659,144	93,821	565,323	658,848	93,730	565,118	296	91	205
1991	645,517	83,298	562,218	645,182	83,181	562,001	334	117	217
1992	650,282	69,883	580,399	649,924	69,778	580,146	358	104	253
1993	642,615	64,937	577,678	642,196	64,799	577,396	419	137	282
1994	628,707	56,322	572,385	628,307	56,134	572,173	399	188	212
1995	631,117	52,405	578,712	630,780	52,311	578,469	337	94	243

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E3: Number of Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1975-95

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
1975	28,622	20,035	8,587	26,366	18,016	8,350	2,256	2,019	237
1976	30,125	20,560	9,565	27,906	18,615	9,291	2,219	1,945	274
1977	30,617	20,397	10,220	28,415	18,487	9,928	2,202	1,910	292
1978	34,333	22,933	11,400	32,042	20,915	11,127	2,290	2,018	273
1979	35,587	23,346	12,241	33,212	21,289	11,923	2,375	2,057	318
1980	37,855	24,505	13,350	35,402	22,424	12,978	2,453	2,081	372
1981	40,243	24,989	15,254	37,680	22,877	14,803	2,563	2,113	450
1982	42,198	25,398	16,800	39,518	23,271	16,247	2,680	2,127	553
1983	44,702	25,979	18,723	41,975	23,888	18,087	2,727	2,091	636
1984	45,491	25,103	20,388	42,763	23,033	19,731	2,728	2,070	657
1985	48,658	24,742	23,917	45,897	22,619	23,279	2,761	2,123	638
1986	50,958	24,474	26,484	48,139	22,426	25,713	2,818	2,047	771
1987	51,791	23,421	28,370	48,988	21,432	27,556	2,802	1,988	814
1988	54,397	22,805	31,593	51,530	20,870	30,661	2,867	1,935	932
1989	55,650	21,419	34,231	52,807	19,531	33,275	2,844	1,888	956
1990	53,164	19,242	33,922	50,556	17,521	33,035	2,608	1,721	887
1991	53,777	18,454	35,324	51,118	16,750	34,368	2,660	1,704	956
1992	58,053	18,738	39,315	55,302	17,019	38,283	2,751	1,719	1,032
1993	59,482	18,660	40,822	56,722	16,938	39,784	2,760	1,722	1,038
1994	61,638	18,100	43,538	58,851	16,421	42,430	2,787	1,679	1,108
1995	62,287	17,087	45,200	59,486	15,371	44,115	2,802	1,716	1,086

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E4: Estimated Private Wage and Salary Worker Participation Rates Under Primary and Supplemental Pension Plans 1975-95⁽¹⁾(workers in thousands)

Year	Number of Wage and Salary Workers	Workers Covered by a Primary Defined Benefit Plan Number	Workers Covered by a Primary Defined Benefit Plan Percent	Workers Covered by a Primary Defined Contribution Plan Number	Workers Covered by a Primary Defined Contribution Plan Percent	Workers Covered by a Supplemental Defined Contribution Plan(s) Number	Workers Covered by a Supplemental Defined Contribution Plan(s) Percent
1975	68,104	26,817	39	3,921	6	5,948	9
1976	71,117	27,119	38	4,591	6	6,993	10
1977	73,254	27,655	38	5,141	7	7,623	10
1978	75,939	28,613	38	5,424	7	8,258	11
1979	78,058	29,008	37	5,790	7	9,368	12
1980	78,349	29,736	38	6,203	8	10,134	13
1981	80,282	29,687	37	7,224	9	10,629	13
1982	82,318	29,361	36	8,120	10	12,087	15
1983	84,410	29,576	35	9,395	11	14,191	17
1984	86,732	29,812	34	9,902	11	15,303	18
1985	88,293	28,894	33	11,550	13	16,018	18
1986	90,267	28,536	32	12,672	14	16,188	18
1987	91,559	28,347	31	13,437	15	16,110	18
1988	93,012	27,864	30	14,106	15	15,180	16
1989	94,448	27,240	29	15,485	16	15,242	16
1990	94,772	26,323	28	16,116	17	15,671	17
1991	94,959	25,701	27	17,133	18	15,287	16
1992	96,577	25,318	26	19,474	20	16,300	17
1993	97,749	25,091	26	19,780	20	16,621	17
1994	101,077	24,591	24	20,948	21	16,516	16
1995	102,162	23,531	23	23,038	23	16,482	16

Footnotes

1. For workers covered under both a defined benefit and a defined contribution plan, the defined benefit plan is designed as the primary plan unless the plan name indicates it provides supplemental or past service benefits.

Sources: Number of workers taken from Employment and Earnings, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. These numbers include both employed (full and part-time) and unemployed wage and salary workers. The number of workers in primary and supplemental plans are estimates derived from annual Form 5500 reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E5: Number of Participants in Pension Plans by type of plan, 1975-95 (numbers in thousands)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
1975	44,511	33,004	11,507	35,724	24,514	11,210	8,787	8,490	297
1976	47,679	34,207	13,472	39,072	25,927	13,145	8,607	8,280	327
1977	50,236	34,997	15,239	41,637	26,754	14,884	8,598	8,243	355
1978	52,371	36,103	16,268	43,665	27,762	15,903	8,707	8,341	365
1979	55,097	36,810	18,287	46,085	28,275	17,810	9,013	8,536	477
1980	57,903	37,979	19,924	48,910	29,555	19,354	8,993	8,423	570
1981	60,564	38,903	21,661	51,326	30,331	20,995	9,238	8,572	666
1982	63,243	38,633	24,610	54,105	30,289	23,816	9,138	8,343	794
1983	69,147	40,025	29,122	59,645	31,405	28,240	9,501	8,620	881
1984	73,895	40,980	32,915	64,244	32,329	31,915	9,651	8,651	1,000
1985	74,665	39,692	34,973	65,414	31,436	33,978	9,251	8,256	995
1986	76,672	39,989	36,682	67,069	31,676	35,392	9,603	8,313	1,290
1987	78,223	39,958	38,265	68,550	31,650	36,900	9,673	8,308	1,365
1988	77,685	40,722	36,963	67,734	32,386	35,348	9,951	8,336	1,615
1989	76,405	39,958	36,447	65,964	31,248	34,716	10,441	8,710	1,731
1990	76,924	38,832	38,091	67,003	30,522	36,481	9,921	8,311	1,611
1991	77,662	39,027	38,634	67,583	30,683	36,900	10,079	8,344	1,735
1992	81,914	39,531	42,383	71,783	31,395	40,388	10,131	8,136	1,995
1993	83,870	40,267	43,603	73,770	32,151	41,619	10,100	8,116	1,983
1994	85,117	40,338	44,778	74,940	32,197	42,743	10,177	8,142	2,035
1995	87,452	39,736	47,716	76,969	31,341	45,629	10,483	8,395	2,088

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E6: Number of Participants in Pension Plans with Fewer Than 100 Participants by type of plan, 1975-95 (numbers in thousands)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
1975	4,080	1,552	2,528	4,066	1,543	2,524	14	9	4
1976	4,660	1,795	2,865	4,648	1,787	2,861	12	8	4
1977	5,116	1,993	3,124	5,104	1,985	3,120	12	8	4
1978	5,143	1,828	3,316	5,127	1,820	3,307	16	7	9
1979	5,389	1,802	3,587	5,372	1,792	3,580	17	10	7
1980	5,741	1,995	3,746	5,725	1,980	3,744	17	15	2
1981	6,298	2,154	4,143	6,283	2,148	4,135	15	6	9
1982	6,877	2,155	4,722	6,854	2,144	4,710	23	11	12
1983	6,872	2,154	4,718	6,855	2,144	4,711	17	10	7
1984	6,886	2,013	4,873	6,869	2,013	4,856	17	12	5
1985	7,553	2,059	5,495	7,537	2,052	5,486	16	8	9
1986	7,926	2,033	5,893	7,914	2,025	5,889	12	8	4
1987	8,413	2,008	6,405	8,400	2,000	6,400	13	8	5
1988	8,345	1,720	6,625	8,329	1,713	6,616	16	8	9
1989	8,200	1,396	6,804	8,188	1,392	6,796	12	4	8
1990	8,268	1,279	6,989	8,251	1,275	6,976	17	4	13
1991	8,441	1,226	7,215	8,424	1,218	7,206	17	8	8
1992	9,076	1,129	7,946	9,059	1,125	7,934	17	5	12
1993	9,087	1,030	8,057	9,067	1,024	8,043	20	6	14
1994	9,152	944	8,208	9,132	935	8,197	20	9	11
1995	9,373	893	8,480	9,359	890	8,469	14	3	11

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E7: Number of Participants in Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1975-95 (numbers in thousands)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
1975	40,431	31,452	8,979	31,658	22,971	8,686	8,773	8,480	293
1976	43,019	32,412	10,607	34,424	24,140	10,284	8,595	8,272	323
1977	45,120	33,004	12,115	36,533	24,769	11,764	8,586	8,235	351
1978	47,228	34,275	12,953	38,537	25,941	12,596	8,691	8,334	357
1979	49,708	35,008	14,700	40,713	26,483	14,230	8,996	8,526	470
1980	52,162	35,984	16,178	43,185	27,575	15,610	8,977	8,408	568
1981	54,266	36,748	17,518	45,043	28,183	16,861	9,223	8,565	657
1982	56,366	36,446	19,920	47,248	28,112	19,136	9,118	8,332	785
1983	62,275	37,871	24,404	52,790	29,261	23,529	9,485	8,610	875
1984	67,009	38,967	28,042	57,375	30,316	27,059	9,634	8,640	995
1985	67,112	37,633	29,478	57,877	29,384	28,493	9,235	8,248	986
1986	68,746	37,956	30,790	59,155	29,651	29,503	9,591	8,305	1,286
1987	69,810	37,950	31,860	60,150	29,650	30,500	9,660	8,300	1,360
1988	69,340	39,002	30,338	59,404	30,673	28,732	9,935	8,326	1,606
1989	68,205	38,562	29,643	57,776	29,856	27,920	10,429	8,705	1,724
1990	68,655	37,553	31,102	58,752	29,247	29,505	9,904	8,306	1,598
1991	69,221	37,801	31,420	59,157	29,465	29,694	10,063	8,336	1,727
1992	72,838	38,402	34,436	62,724	30,270	32,454	10,114	8,132	1,982
1993	74,783	39,237	35,546	64,703	31,127	33,576	10,080	8,110	1,969
1994	75,964	39,394	36,570	65,807	31,262	34,546	10,157	8,133	2,024
1995	78,079	38,843	39,236	67,610	30,450	37,160	10,469	8,392	2,076

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E8: Number of Active Participants in Pension Plans by type of plan, 1975-95 (numbers in thousands)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
1975	38,431	27,214	11,217	31,079	20,129	10,950	7,353	7,086	267
1976	40,723	27,520	13,203	33,627	20,728	12,899	7,096	6,792	304
1977	42,659	28,058	14,600	35,681	21,414	14,267	6,977	6,644	333
1978	44,664	29,036	15,628	37,717	22,433	15,284	6,947	6,603	344
1979	46,929	29,440	17,489	39,799	22,757	17,041	7,130	6,683	447
1980	49,026	30,133	18,893	42,079	23,705	18,374	6,947	6,428	519
1981	50,826	30,082	20,743	43,821	23,701	20,120	7,005	6,381	623
1982	53,204	29,756	23,448	46,344	23,630	22,714	6,860	6,126	734
1983	57,808	29,964	27,844	50,911	23,877	27,034	6,897	6,087	810
1984	60,775	30,172	30,603	54,044	24,315	29,729	6,732	5,857	875
1985	62,268	29,024	33,244	55,778	23,465	32,313	6,491	5,559	931
1986	63,290	28,670	34,620	56,723	23,270	33,453	6,566	5,400	1,167
1987	63,392	28,432	34,959	56,846	23,170	33,676	6,546	5,262	1,284
1988	62,142	28,081	34,062	55,464	22,867	32,596	6,678	5,213	1,465
1989	61,294	27,304	33,990	54,300	21,892	32,408	6,994	5,412	1,582
1990	61,831	26,344	35,488	55,409	21,386	34,022	6,422	4,957	1,465
1991	61,517	25,747	35,771	55,048	20,833	34,215	6,469	4,914	1,555
1992	64,231	25,362	38,868	57,940	20,771	37,170	6,290	4,592	1,699
1993	64,746	25,127	39,619	58,596	20,670	37,926	6,150	4,458	1,692
1994	64,972	24,615	40,357	58,889	20,215	38,674	6,083	4,400	1,682
1995	66,193	23,531	42,662	59,894	19,005	40,889	6,299	4,525	1,773

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Note: The number of participants includes double counting of workers in more than one plan.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E9: Number of Active Participants in Pension Plans with Fewer than 100 Participants by type of plan, 1975-95 (numbers in thousands)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
1975	4,032	1,524	2,508	4,018	1,514	2,504	14	10	4
1976	4,527	1,704	2,823	4,516	1,697	2,819	12	8	4
1977	4,885	1,835	3,050	4,874	1,828	3,046	11	7	4
1978	4,934	1,675	3,259	4,918	1,668	3,250	16	7	9
1979	5,103	1,641	3,462	5,087	1,632	3,455	16	8	7
1980	5,406	1,828	3,578	5,392	1,816	3,576	14	12	2
1981	5,996	1,957	4,039	5,982	1,952	4,031	14	5	8
1982	6,463	1,974	4,489	6,447	1,966	4,481	16	8	8
1983	6,381	1,861	4,520	6,365	1,852	4,513	15	9	6
1984	6,591	1,841	4,750	6,576	1,831	4,745	16	11	5
1985	7,227	1,880	5,348	7,213	1,874	5,340	14	6	8
1986	7,583	1,849	5,734	7,573	1,843	5,731	10	7	3
1987	7,793	1,672	6,121	7,778	1,666	6,113	15	6	8
1988	7,715	1,525	6,189	7,699	1,519	6,180	16	6	10
1989	8,033	1,301	6,731	8,022	1,297	6,725	11	4	7
1990	7,944	1,162	6,783	7,928	1,158	6,770	16	4	13
1991	8,183	1,114	7,069	8,167	1,107	7,061	16	7	9
1992	7,707	1,022	7,685	8,692	1,019	7,673	15	4	12
1993	8,727	935	7,792	8,709	930	7,779	18	5	13
1994	8,790	856	7,935	8,771	847	7,924	19	9	10
1995	8,992	806	8,186	8,979	804	8,175	13	2	11

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Note: The number of participants includes double counting of workers in more than one plan.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

---

Table E10: Number of Active Participants in Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1975-95 (numbers in thousands)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
1975	34,399	25,691	8,709	27,061	18,615	8,446	7,338	7,076	263
1976	36,195	25,815	10,380	29,111	19,031	10,080	7,084	6,784	300
1977	37,774	26,223	11,551	30,807	19,586	11,221	6,966	6,637	329
1978	39,730	27,361	12,369	32,798	20,765	12,033	6,931	6,596	335
1979	41,826	27,779	14,027	34,712	21,125	13,586	7,115	6,675	440
1980	43,620	28,305	15,315	36,687	21,889	14,798	6,933	6,416	517
1981	44,830	28,125	16,704	37,839	21,749	16,090	6,991	6,376	615
1982	46,741	27,782	18,959	39,897	21,664	18,233	6,844	6,118	726
1983	51,428	28,104	23,324	44,546	22,025	22,520	6,882	6,078	804
1984	54,184	28,331	25,853	47,468	22,484	24,984	6,716	5,846	870
1985	55,041	27,145	27,896	48,564	21,591	26,973	6,476	5,553	923
1986	55,706	26,820	28,886	49,150	21,427	27,723	6,556	5,393	1,163
1987	55,599	26,760	28,838	49,067	21,504	27,563	6,531	5,256	1,275
1988	54,428	26,555	27,872	47,765	21,348	26,417	6,663	5,207	1,456
1989	53,262	26,004	27,258	46,278	20,595	25,683	6,983	5,409	1,574
1990	53,887	25,182	28,705	47,481	20,228	27,252	6,406	4,954	1,453
1991	53,334	24,633	28,701	46,881	19,726	27,155	6,453	4,907	1,546
1992	55,224	24,340	31,184	49,249	19,752	29,497	6,275	4,588	1,687
1993	56,019	24,192	31,827	49,887	19,739	30,148	6,132	4,453	1,679
1994	56,181	23,759	32,422	50,118	19,368	30,750	6,064	4,392	1,672
1995	57,201	22,724	34,477	50,916	18,202	32,714	6,285	4,523	1,762

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Note: The number of participants includes double counting of workers in more than one plan.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

---

Table E11: Pension Plan Assets by type of plan, 1975-95⁽¹⁾ (amounts in millions)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(2) Total	Single Employer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(2) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(3) Total	Multiemployer Plans(3) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(3) Defined Contribution
1975	$259,963	$185,950	$74,013	$237,308	$163,984	$73,323	$22,655	$21,966	$687
1976	298,440	216,283	82,157	271,583	190,389	81,194	26,857	25,894	963
1977	325,074	233,609	91,465	295,179	204,781	90,399	29,895	28,829	1,066
1978	377,195	272,684	104,511	343,183	239,884	103,299	34,012	32,800	1,211
1979	445,430	319,595	125,835	404,724	280,326	124,398	40,706	39,269	1,437
1980	563,551	401,455	162,096	514,583	353,967	160,616	48,968	47,488	1,480
1981	628,916	444,376	184,540	572,101	389,846	182,615	56,814	54,890	1,924
1982	788,987	553,419	235,567	716,281	483,536	232,744	72,706	69,883	2,823
1983	923,470	642,359	281,111	843,693	566,369	277,323	79,777	75,990	3,788
1984	1,044,592	700,669	343,922	947,373	608,703	338,670	97,212	91,966	5,246
1985	1,252,739	826,117	426,622	1,136,417	716,107	420,310	116,322	110,010	6,312
1986	1,382,910	895,073	487,837	1,251,034	772,205	478,830	131,876	122,868	9,008
1987	1,402,488	877,269	525,219	1,266,694	751,475	515,219	135,794	125,794	10,000
1988	1,503,635	911,982	591,653	1,351,845	772,381	579,464	151,790	139,601	12,189
1989	1,675,597	987,971	687,626	1,505,319	832,148	673,171	170,278	155,822	14,455
1990	1,674,139	961,904	712,236	1,496,300	798,167	698,133	177,839	163,737	14,102
1991	1,936,271	1,101,987	834,284	1,743,190	926,424	816,766	193,080	175,562	17,518
1992	2,094,087	1,146,798	947,289	1,879,033	955,621	923,412	215,053	191,177	23,877
1993	2,316,272	1,248,180	1,068,092	2,091,468	1,049,915	1,041,553	224,804	198,265	26,540
1994	2,298,556	1,210,856	1,087,700	2,070,804	1,010,275	1,060,529	227,752	200,581	27,171
1995	2,723,735	1,402,079	1,321,657	2,458,153	1,163,416	1,294,737	265,582	238,663	26,920

Footnotes

1. Asset amounts shown exclude funds held by life insurance companies under allocated group insurance contracts for payment of retirement benefits. These excluded funds make up roughly 10 to l5 percent of total private pension plan Assets.
2. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
   ⁽³⁾ Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

---

Table E12: Pension Plan Assets of Plans with Fewer than 100 Participants by type of plan, 1975-95⁽¹⁾ (amounts in millions)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(2) Total	Single Employer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(2) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(3) Total	Multiemployer Plans(3) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(3) Defined Contribution
1975	$32,308	$8,781	$23,527	$32,272	$8,747	$23,524	$37	$34	$2
1976	35,369	10,329	25,039	35,233	10,223	25,010	136	107	29
1977	42,953	12,459	30,494	42,828	12,368	30,463	124	92	32
1978	52,023	15,661	36,362	51,727	15,471	36,255	297	190	106
1979	64,021	19,498	44,523	63,725	19,271	44,453	296	227	69
1980	86,785	31,498	55,287	86,101	30,872	55,229	684	626	58
1981	104,006	38,792	65,214	103,220	38,081	65,139	785	711	74
1982	129,263	46,971	82,292	128,895	46,649	82,246	369	323	46
1983	155,214	60,594	94,620	154,626	60,064	94,562	588	530	58
1984	176,847	62,904	113,943	176,103	62,231	113,873	743	673	70
1985	211,665	67,745	143,920	210,666	66,878	143,789	999	867	132
1986	232,718	66,276	166,442	231,481	65,132	166,350	1,237	1,143	93
1987	228,244	65,232	163,012	227,048	64,277	162,771	1,196	955	241
1988	240,867	54,652	186,215	239,393	53,389	186,004	1,474	1,263	211
1989	236,459	44,570	191,889	236,016	44,243	191,773	443	327	116
1990	242,068	44,192	197,876	241,224	43,599	197,624	844	592	252
1991	264,329	40,161	224,168	263,967	40,033	223,934	362	128	234
1992	261,359	30,396	230,963	260,922	30,199	230,723	437	197	239
1993	291,912	33,166	258,746	291,238	32,770	258,468	675	396	278
1994	278,555	25,384	253,171	277,644	24,687	252,958	911	698	213
1995	323,751	26,455	297,295	323,066	26,210	296,855	685	245	440

Footnotes

1. Asset amounts shown exclude funds held by life insurance companies under allocated group insurance contracts for payment of retirement benefits. These excluded funds make up roughly 10 to 15 percent of total private pension plan Assets.
2. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
   ⁽³⁾ Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E13: Pension Plan Assets of Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1975-95⁽¹⁾ (amounts in millions)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(2) Total	Single Employer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(2) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(3) Total	Multiemployer Plans(3) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(3) Defined Contribution
1975	$227,655	$177,169	$50,486	$205,036	$155,237	$49,799	$22,619	$21,932	$687
1976	263,071	205,954	57,118	236,350	180,166	56,184	26,721	25,787	934
1977	282,121	221,150	60,971	252,350	192,413	59,936	29,771	28,737	1,034
1978	325,172	257,023	68,149	291,456	224,413	67,044	33,715	32,610	1,105
1979	381,409	300,097	81,312	340,999	261,055	79,945	40,410	39,042	1,368
1980	476,766	369,957	106,809	428,482	323,095	105,387	48,284	46,862	1,422
1981	524,910	405,584	119,326	468,881	351,405	117,476	56,029	54,179	1,850
1982	659,724	506,448	153,276	587,386	436,887	150,499	72,337	69,560	2,777
1983	768,256	581,765	186,491	689,066	506,305	182,761	79,190	75,460	3,730
1984	867,745	637,765	229,979	771,270	546,472	224,797	96,469	91,293	5,176
1985	1,041,074	758,372	282,702	925,751	649,229	276,521	115,523	109,143	6,180
1986	1,150,192	828,797	321,395	1,019,553	707,073	312,480	130,639	121,725	8,915
1987	1,174,244	812,037	362,207	1,039,646	687,198	352,448	134,598	124,839	9,759
1988	1,262,768	857,330	405,438	1,112,452	718,992	393,460	150,316	138,338	11,978
1989	1,439,138	943,401	495,737	1,269,303	787,905	481,398	169,835	155,496	14,339
1990	1,432,072	917,712	514,360	1,255,076	754,567	500,509	176,995	163,145	13,851
1991	1,671,942	1,061,826	610,116	1,479,224	886,391	592,832	192,718	175,434	17,284
1992	1,832,728	1,116,401	716,326	1,618,111	925,422	692,689	214,617	190,979	23,637
1993	2,024,360	1,215,014	809,346	1,800,230	1,017,145	783,085	224,130	197,869	26,261
1994	2,021,962	1,187,432	834,529	1,793,159	985,588	807,572	228,802	201,845	26,958
1995	2,399,984	1,375,623	1,024,361	2,135,087	1,137,206	997,881	264,897	238,417	26,480

Footnotes

1. Asset amounts shown exclude funds held by life insurance companies under allocated group insurance contracts for payment of retirement benefits. These excluded funds make up roughly 10 to 15 percent of total private pension plan Assets.
2. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
   ⁽³⁾ Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E14: Pension Plan Contributions by type of plan, 1975-95 (amounts in millions)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
1975	$37,061	$24,242	$12,819	$32,970	$20,268	$12,207	$4,091	$3,974	$117
1976	42,780	28,540	14,240	38,161	24,073	14,088	4,619	4,467	152
1977	47,061	31,197	15,864	41,931	26,229	15,702	5,130	4,968	162
1978	55,943	37,591	18,353	49,793	31,602	18,191	6,151	5,989	162
1979	61,279	40,585	20,694	54,217	33,738	20,479	7,061	6,847	214
1980	66,157	42,626	23,531	58,718	35,524	23,194	7,439	7,102	337
1981	75,374	46,985	28,389	67,191	39,187	28,004	8,183	7,798	385
1982	79,502	48,438	31,064	71,320	40,807	30,513	8,182	7,631	551
1983	82,447	46,313	36,134	74,022	38,677	35,345	8,425	7,636	789
1984	90,625	47,197	43,428	81,553	38,990	42,563	9,072	8,207	865
1985	95,188	41,996	53,192	85,927	33,794	52,133	9,261	8,202	1,059
1986	91,503	33,161	58,342	82,190	25,142	57,049	9,313	8,020	1,293
1987	92,070	29,793	62,277	82,834	21,993	60,841	9,235	7,800	1,436
1988	91,248	26,300	64,948	81,612	18,352	63,261	9,636	7,948	1,688
1989	97,920	24,723	73,197	88,049	16,684	71,365	9,871	8,039	1,832
1990	98,792	23,026	75,766	89,834	15,709	74,125	8,958	7,317	1,641
1991	111,124	30,146	80,978	102,224	22,952	79,272	8,899	7,194	1,705
1992	128,795	35,174	93,621	119,682	27,964	91,718	9,114	7,210	1,904
1993	153,642	52,123	101,519	143,944	44,521	99,423	9,698	7,602	2,096
1994	144,353	39,031	105,322	133,844	30,829	103,015	10,509	8,203	2,307
1995	158,832	41,423	117,409	147,621	32,600	115,021	11,210	8,823	2,387

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Note: Includes both employer and employee contributions.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E15: Pension Plan Contributions of Plans with Fewer than 100 Participants by type of plan, 1975-95 (amounts in millions)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
1975	$6,504	$1,775	$4,729	$6,502	$1,733	$4,728	$3	$2	$1
1976	7,156	2,295	4,861	7,136	2,278	4,858	20	17	3
1977	8,236	2,616	5,620	8,213	2,598	5,615	22	18	5
1978	9,644	3,303	6,342	9,602	3,271	6,330	43	31	12
1979	11,542	4,323	7,219	11,495	4,290	7,205	46	33	13
1980	13,545	5,870	7,675	13,490	5,830	7,660	55	40	15
1981	16,406	7,163	9,242	16,304	7,079	9,225	101	84	17
1982	16,094	7,672	9,422	16,047	7,641	9,406	47	31	16
1983	17,357	7,593	9,764	17,288	7,537	9,751	69	56	13
1984	18,561	7,850	10,712	18,487	7,788	10,700	74	62	12
1985	21,575	7,404	14,171	21,489	7,339	14,150	86	65	21
1986	21,543	5,659	15,884	21,475	5,607	15,868	68	52	16
1987	19,963	4,296	15,667	19,895	4,239	15,656	67	57	11
1988	18,964	3,015	15,948	18,909	2,981	15,929	54	34	20
1989	20,995	2,763	18,232	20,961	2,742	18,219	34	21	13
1990	21,687	2,608	19,079	21,642	2,590	19,052	44	18	26
1991	21,908	2,420	19,488	21,881	2,413	19,468	27	7	21
1992	25,214	2,229	22,985	25,185	2,223	22,962	29	6	23
1993	25,959	2,451	23,508	25,904	2,418	23,486	55	33	22
1994	23,933	1,918	22,015	23,688	1,693	21,995	245	225	20
1995	28,150	2,406	25,744	28,111	2,392	25,719	39	14	25

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Note: Includes both employer and employee contributions.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E16: Pension Plan Contributions of Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1975-95 (amounts in millions)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(1) Total	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(1) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(2) Total	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(2) Defined Contribution
1975	$30,557	$22,466	$8,090	$26,468	$18,494	$7,974	$4,088	$3,972	$116
1976	35,624	26,245	9,379	31,025	21,795	9,230	4,599	4,450	149
1977	38,825	28,580	10,244	33,718	23,631	10,087	5,107	4,950	157
1978	46,299	34,288	12,010	40,191	28,331	11,861	6,108	5,958	150
1979	49,737	36,262	13,475	42,722	29,448	13,274	7,015	6,814	201
1980	52,612	36,756	15,856	45,228	29,694	15,534	7,384	7,062	322
1981	58,968	39,822	19,147	50,887	32,108	18,779	8,082	7,714	368
1982	62,408	40,766	21,642	54,273	33,166	21,108	8,135	7,600	535
1983	65,090	38,720	26,370	56,734	31,140	25,594	8,356	7,580	776
1984	72,064	39,347	32,717	63,066	31,203	31,863	8,997	8,145	853
1985	73,613	34,592	39,021	64,438	26,455	37,983	9,175	8,137	1,038
1986	69,960	27,502	42,458	60,715	19,535	41,180	9,245	7,968	1,277
1987	72,107	25,497	46,610	62,939	17,754	45,185	9,168	7,743	1,425
1988	72,286	23,285	49,000	62,703	15,371	47,332	9,582	7,914	1,668
1989	76,925	21,960	54,965	67,088	13,942	53,146	9,837	8,018	1,819
1990	77,105	20,418	56,687	68,192	13,119	55,073	8,914	7,299	1,614
1991	89,215	27,726	61,489	80,343	20,539	59,804	8,872	7,187	1,684
1992	103,581	32,945	70,636	94,497	25,741	68,756	9,084	7,204	1,880
1993	127,683	49,672	78,011	118,040	42,103	75,937	9,643	7,569	2,074
1994	120,420	37,113	83,307	110,155	29,135	81,020	10,265	7,978	2,287
1995	130,682	39,017	91,665	119,510	30,208	89,302	11,172	8,809	2,363

Footnotes

1. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
2. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Note: Includes both employer and employee contributions.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E17: Pension Plan Benefits Disbursed by type of plan, 1975-95⁽¹⁾ (amounts in millions)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(2) Total	Single Employer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(2) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(3) Total	Multiemployer Plans(3) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(3) Defined Contribution
1975	$19,065	$12,903	$6,161	$16,559	$10,457	$6,102	$2,505	$2,446	$60
1976	20,980	13,994	6,986	18,008	11,101	6,907	2,972	2,893	79
1977	22,950	15,249	7,702	19,957	12,353	7,604	2,993	2,896	98
1978	26,516	17,661	8,855	23,333	14,485	8,748	3,283	3,176	108
1979	28,680	18,688	9,991	25,272	15,386	9,886	3,408	3,302	106
1980	35,280	22,148	13,132	31,485	18,524	12,961	3,795	3,624	171
1981	44,753	27,334	17,420	40,281	22,987	17,294	4,473	4,347	125
1982	55,307	33,875	21,432	50,219	28,957	21,263	5,088	4,918	170
1983	65,333	36,976	28,357	59,547	31,507	28,040	5,786	5,469	317
1984	79,086	46,513	32,573	72,510	40,269	32,241	6,576	6,244	332
1985	101,898	54,466	47,432	94,792	47,801	46,991	7,106	6,665	441
1986	130,483	67,974	62,509	122,613	60,612	62,000	7,870	7,361	579
1987	122,254	66,241	56,013	113,834	58,345	55,489	8,420	7,896	524
1988	118,645	60,450	58,195	109,446	51,910	57,535	9,200	8,540	660
1989	132,049	66,707	65,342	121,750	57,236	64,514	10,299	9,471	828
1990	129,405	66,363	63,042	118,227	56,079	62,147	11,178	10,284	894
1991	135,552	71,503	64,048	123,986	61,081	62,904	11,566	10,422	1,144
1992	152,441	77,853	74,588	139,247	66,287	72,960	13,194	11,566	1,628
1993	156,305	79,093	77,212	142,471	66,847	75,625	13,834	12,246	1,587
1994	163,934	82,625	81,309	149,035	69,417	79,617	14,899	13,207	1,692
1995	183,025	85,134	97,892	167,249	70,947	96,302	15,777	14,187	1,590

Footnotes

1. Amounts shown include both benefits made directly from trust funds and premium payments made by plans to insurance carriers. Amounts exclude benefits paid directly by insurance carriers.
2. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
3. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E18: Pension Plan Benefits Disbursed from Plans with Fewer than 100 Participants by type of plan, 1975-95⁽¹⁾ (amounts in millions)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(2) Total	Single Employer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(2) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(3) Total	Multiemployer Plans(3) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(3) Defined Contribution
1975	$2,147	$886	$1,261	$2,143	$882	$1,261	$4	$4	$1
1976	2,407	931	1,476	2,395	921	1,474	12	10	2
1977	2,720	1,043	1,678	2,683	1,007	1,675	38	35	2
1978	3,387	1,292	2,095	3,356	1,271	2,085	31	21	10
1979	3,614	1,442	2,171	3,586	1,420	2,166	28	23	5
1980	5,123	2,076	3,047	5,086	2,044	3,042	37	32	5
1981	6,991	2,789	4,203	6,940	2,740	4,200	52	49	2
1982	10,736	5,782	4,954	10,679	5,736	4,943	56	46	10
1983	11,649	4,213	7,436	11,580	4,149	7,431	70	65	6
1984	14,311	6,290	8,021	14,237	6,225	8,012	74	65	9
1985	22,493	8,936	13,557	22,403	8,872	13,531	90	63	26
1986	38,484	14,730	24,527	38,355	14,604	23,749	129	125	5
1987	34,584	14,796	19,788	34,425	14,665	19,760	159	131	28
1988	33,718	12,069	21,649	33,657	12,018	21,639	61	51	10
1989	37,063	12,369	24,694	36,914	12,252	24,662	149	117	32
1990	34,238	10,798	23,439	34,098	10,737	23,361	139	61	78
1991	30,601	9,489	21,112	30,532	9,448	21,083	69	41	28
1992	30,763	7,929	22,834	30,720	7,912	22,808	43	17	26
1993	29,230	6,660	22,570	29,129	6,582	22,547	100	77	23
1994	25,900	4,860	21,040	25,743	4,737	21,007	157	124	33
1995	33,927	7,100	26,827	33,816	7,035	26,781	111	65	46

Footnotes

1. Amounts shown include both benefits made directly from trust funds and premium payments made by plans to insurance carriers. Amounts exclude benefits paid directly by insurance carriers.
2. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
3. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E19: Pension Plan Benefits Disbursed from Plans with 100 or More Participants by type of plan, 1975-95⁽¹⁾ (amounts in millions)

Year	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Plans(2) Total	Single Employer Plans(2) Defined Benefit	Single Employer Plans(2) Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Plans(3) Total	Multiemployer Plans(3) Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Plans(3) Defined Contribution
1975	$16,918	$12,017	$4,901	$14,416	$9,575	$4,841	$2,501	$2,442	$60
1976	18,573	13,063	5,510	15,613	10,180	5,433	2,960	2,883	77
1977	20,230	14,206	6,024	17,274	11,345	5,929	2,956	2,860	95
1978	23,129	16,369	6,760	19,877	13,214	6,663	3,252	3,155	97
1979	25,066	17,246	7,820	21,686	13,966	7,720	3,380	3,279	101
1980	30,157	20,072	10,085	26,399	16,480	9,919	3,758	3,592	166
1981	37,762	24,545	13,217	33,341	20,247	13,094	4,421	4,298	123
1982	44,571	28,093	16,478	39,540	23,221	16,319	5,032	4,872	160
1983	55,693	32,763	22,920	47,967	27,358	20,609	5,715	5,404	311
1984	64,775	40,223	24,552	58,273	34,044	24,229	6,502	6,179	322
1985	79,405	45,530	33,875	72,389	38,929	33,460	7,016	6,602	415
1986	91,999	53,244	38,754	84,258	46,008	38,250	7,741	7,236	504
1987	87,680	51,445	36,225	79,409	43,680	35,729	8,262	7,765	496
1988	84,926	48,381	36,546	75,787	39,892	35,896	9,139	8,489	650
1989	94,987	54,339	40,648	84,836	44,984	39,852	10,151	9,355	796
1990	95,167	55,564	39,603	84,128	45,342	38,786	11,039	10,222	816
1991	104,951	62,014	42,937	93,454	51,633	41,821	11,497	10,381	1,116
1992	121,678	69,924	51,755	108,527	58,374	50,153	13,151	11,549	1,602
1993	127,076	72,433	54,643	113,342	60,264	53,078	13,734	12,169	1,565
1994	138,034	77,764	60,269	123,291	64,681	58,611	14,690	13,031	1,659
1995	149,099	78,034	71,065	133,433	63,912	69,521	15,666	14,122	1,544

Footnotes

1. Amounts shown include both benefits made directly from trust funds and premium payments made by plans to insurance carriers. Amounts exclude benefits paid directly by insurance carriers.
2. Includes single employer plans, plans of controlled groups of corporations, and multiple-employer noncollectively bargained plans.
3. Includes multiemployer plans and multiple-employer collectively bargained plans.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E20: Percentage Distribution of Active Participants in Plans with 100 or More Participants by vesting status, 1975-95

Year	All Plans Total	All Plans Fully Vested	All Plans Partially Vested	All Plans Not Vested	Defined Benefit Plans Total	Defined Benefit Plans Fully Vested	Defined Benefit Plans Partially Vested	Defined Benefit Plans Not Vested	Defined Contribution Plans Total	Defined Contribution Plans Fully Vested	Defined Contribution Plans Partially Vested	Defined Contribution Plans Not Vested
1975	100	38	(1)	62	100	36	(1)	64	100	44	(1)	56
1977	100	46	12	43	100	40	6	55	100	59	24	17
1978	100	46	12	43	100	40	6	55	100	58	25	17
1979	100	46	12	42	100	40	6	54	100	58	25	17
1980	100	45	12	42	100	38	6	56	100	58	25	17
1981	100	46	13	41	100	40	6	55	100	58	25	17
1982	100	48	13	39	100	41	5	54	100	60	24	17
1983	100	53	12	35	100	43	5	52	100	65	21	14
1984	100	55	12	32	100	44	6	51	100	68	20	13
1985	100	57	12	31	100	44	5	51	100	69	19	12
1986	100	58	12	30	100	45	5	50	100	70	19	11
1987	100	58	12	30	100	46	5	49	100	69	19	12
1988	100	60	11	30	100	49	4	47	100	69	18	13
1989	100	65	9	26	100	58	2	40	100	71	14	14
1990	100	67	9	24	100	60	2	38	100	72	14	14
1991	100	67	9	24	100	61	2	37	100	71	14	15
1992	100	68	10	22	100	64	2	34	100	71	14	15
1993	100	69	10	21	100	66	2	32	100	72	14	14
1994	100	70	9	21	100	67	2	31	100	72	14	14
1995	100	69	10	21	100	68	2	31	100	70	14	16

Footnotes

1. The percentage of partially vested participants is not available for 1975. These participants are included in the not vested category.

Note: Data not available for 1976.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E21: Percentage Distribution of Active Participants in Single Employer Plans with 100 or More Participants by vesting status, 1975-95

Year	All Plans Total	All Plans Fully Vested	All Plans Partially Vested	All Plans Not Vested	Defined Benefit Plans Total	Defined Benefit Plans Fully Vested	Defined Benefit Plans Partially Vested	Defined Benefit Plans Not Vested	Defined Contribution Plans Total	Defined Contribution Plans Fully Vested	Defined Contribution Plans Partially Vested	Defined Contribution Plans Not Vested
1975	100	39	(1)	61	100	38	(1)	62	100	43	(1)	57
1977	100	47	12	40	100	41	5	53	100	58	24	18
1978	100	47	12	40	100	41	5	53	100	57	25	18
1979	100	48	13	39	100	41	6	53	100	58	26	17
1980	100	47	14	39	100	40	6	54	100	58	25	17
1981	100	48	14	38	100	41	5	54	100	57	26	17
1982	100	49	14	36	100	42	5	53	100	59	25	17
1983	100	54	14	33	100	43	6	51	100	64	22	14
1984	100	56	14	30	100	44	6	50	100	67	20	13
1985	100	57	14	29	100	43	6	51	100	68	20	12
1986	100	58	14	28	100	44	6	50	100	70	19	11
1987	100	58	13	28	100	46	6	49	100	68	20	12
1988	100	60	12	28	100	50	4	46	100	68	19	13
1989	100	67	10	24	100	61	2	37	100	71	15	14
1990	100	68	9	23	100	62	2	36	100	72	14	14
1991	100	68	10	22	100	65	2	33	100	70	15	15
1992	100	69	10	21	100	67	2	32	100	70	15	15
1993	100	70	10	19	100	69	2	29	100	71	15	14
1994	100	71	10	19	100	71	1	28	100	71	14	15
1995	100	70	11	20	100	71	1	27	100	69	15	16

Footnotes

1. The percentage of partially vested participants is not available for 1975. These participants are included in the not vested category.

Note: Data not available for 1976.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E22: Percentage Distribution of Active Participants in Multiemployer Plans with 100 or More Participants by vesting status, 1975-95

Year	All Plans Total	All Plans Fully Vested	All Plans Partially Vested	All Plans Not Vested	Defined Benefit Plans Total	Defined Benefit Plans Fully Vested	Defined Benefit Plans Partially Vested	Defined Benefit Plans Not Vested	Defined Contribution Plans Total	Defined Contribution Plans Fully Vested	Defined Contribution Plans Partially Vested	Defined Contribution Plans Not Vested
1975	100	34	(1)	66	100	31	(1)	69	100	83	(1)	17
1977	100	36	7	57	100	34	7	59	100	88	4	8
1978	100	37	7	56	100	34	7	59	100	90	4	7
1979	100	38	7	55	100	35	7	59	100	90	4	7
1980	100	35	6	59	100	32	6	63	100	78	3	19
1981	100	41	6	53	100	36	6	57	100	88	3	9
1982	100	42	4	53	100	38	4	58	100	82	3	15
1983	100	47	4	48	100	42	5	54	100	86	3	11
1984	100	48	5	47	100	42	6	52	100	87	2	12
1985	100	51	3	46	100	45	4	52	100	89	2	9
1986	100	53	3	44	100	46	3	51	100	88	2	10
1987	100	53	4	43	100	45	3	52	100	86	6	9
1988	100	55	3	42	100	46	3	52	100	89	2	8
1989	100	54	2	44	100	45	2	53	100	86	2	12
1990	100	57	2	41	100	48	3	50	100	87	2	11
1991	100	57	3	40	100	47	3	50	100	88	2	11
1992	100	59	3	37	100	50	4	46	100	84	2	14
1993	100	61	3	36	100	52	3	45	100	85	3	12
1994	100	62	3	35	100	52	3	45	100	88	3	9
1995	100	63	2	35	100	53	2	45	100	89	2	9

Footnotes

1. The percentage of partially vested participants is not available for 1975. These participants are included in the not vested category.

Note: Data not available for 1976.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Table E23: Number of 401(k) Type Plans, Participants, Assets, Contributions, and Benefit Payments 1984-95

Year	Number of Plans	Active Participants (thousands)	Assets (millions)	Contributions (millions)	Benefits (millions)
1984	17,303	7,540	$91,754	$16,291	$10,617
1985	29,869	10,339	143,939	24,322	16,399
1986	37,420	11,559	182,784	29,226	22,098
1987	45,054	13,131	215,477	33,185	22,215
1988	68,121	15,203	276,995	39,412	25,235
1989	83,301	17,337	357,015	46,081	30,875
1990	97,614	19,548	384,854	48,998	32,028
1991	111,394	19,126	440,259	51,533	32,734
1992	139,704	22,404	552,959	64,345	43,166
1993	154,527	23,138	616,316	69,322	44,206
1994	174,945	25,206	674,681	75,878	50,659
1995	200,813	28,061	863,918	87,416	62,163

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1984-95 plan years.

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Table E24: Aggregate Rates of Return Earned by Private Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants 1985-95

Year(1)	Total Plans Total	Total Plans Defined Benefit	Total Plans Defined Contribution	Single Employer Total	Single Employer Defined Benefit	Single Employer Defined Contribution	Multiemployer Total	Multiemployer Defined Benefit	Multiemployer Defined Contribution	Total 401(k)	Total ESOP
1985	19.6%	20.1%	18.4%	20.0%	20.6%	18.5%	16.8%	17.0%	12.7%	n/a	n/a
1986	13.9	14.1	13.3	14.1	14.4	13.4	12.5	12.6	10.3	n/a	n/a
1987	4.6	4.4	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.8	3.7	3.5	6.4	n/a	n/a
1988	12.4	12.1	13.1	12.6	12.2	13.2	11.6	11.8	9.5	n/a	n/a
1989	11.2	12.1	9.4	11.9	13.2	9.7	6.0	6.4	1.8	n/a	n/a
1990	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.1	2.8	3.4	6.8	6.7	7.4	3.6	(1.3)
1991	17.5	18.8	15.1	17.8	19.6	15.2	14.9	15.2	12.0	14.7	14.7
1992	8.8	8.3	9.8	8.8	8.0	9.8	9.3	9.4	8.7	10.3	13.4
1993	10.2	10.5	9.8	10.6	11.1	9.9	7.4	7.5	6.2	9.8	12.8
1994	2.9	2.2	3.8	2.7	1.8	3.8	4.4	4.5	3.9	3.7	4.1
1995	20.8	21.4	20.0	21.0	21.6	20.3	19.5	20.5	11.8	20.5	22.9
Geometric Mean(2)
1985-95	11.2	11.4	10.9	11.4	11.6	11.0	10.1	10.3	8.2	n/a	n/a
1991-95	11.9	12.0	11.6	12.0	12.2	11.7	11.0	11.3	8.5	11.6	13.4
1993-95	11.1	11.1	11.0	11.2	11.2	11.1	10.2	10.6	7.3	11.1	13.0
Standard Deviation(3)
1985-95	6.0	6.4	5.3	6.1	6.7	5.4	5.0	5.2	3.3	n/a	n/a
1991-95	6.4	7.0	5.5	6.5	7.3	5.6	5.4	5.7	3.1	5.6	6.0
1993-95	7.4	7.8	6.7	7.5	8.1	6.8	6.5	6.9	3.3	6.9	7.7

Footnotes

1. The 1994 row, for example, represents all plan years that began in 1994. About 77 percent of these plan years began on January 1, 1994.
2. Computed by adding one to the aggregate rate of return for each of the n years, taking the product of the sums, taking the nth root of the product, and subtracting one.
3. Standard deviation formula uses a denominator definition of N, not N-1.

Notes: Rates of return have been derived directly from tables C4-C11 and from similar published summary tables for prior years. The rate of return formula is the same as that described in Chapter 12 of the 1989 DOL volume entitled "Trends in Pensions," except that the return formula used here refines the treatment of receivables. The receivable line item called "income receivables," which first appreared on the 1988 form, is not deducted from total assests because such assests may produce investment income. The formula makes no adjustment for reporting periods other than one year, which are reported on approximately 3 percent of Form 5500 filings. Because the Form 5500 does not provide information on the timing of cash flows during the year, a time weighted rate of return cannot be derived. The formula used assumes that all cash flows occur in the middle of the plan's reporting period. The cash flow for which this assumption is most uncertain is contributions. The overall 1994 rate of return reported as 2.9 percent could be as low as 2.80 percent or as high as 2.98 percent depending on the assumption regarding the timing of contributions during the year. The overall 1995 rate of return reported as 20.8 percent could be as low as 20.15 percent or as high as 21.53 percent.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1985-95 plan years.

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Table E25: Aggregate Investment Performance of Private Pension Plans with 100 or More Participants 1985-95 (amounts in millions)

Year	Average(1) Investable Assets	Investment Income(2)	Appreciation Realized	Appreciation Unrealized	Appreciation Total	Total DFE(3) Income	Total Return(4)	Total Rate of Return(5)	Growth of Average Investable Assets
1985	$852,433	$49,936	$41,170	$68,007	$109,177	$8,042	$167,155	19.6%	-
1986	1,007,303	55,572	65,830	15,924	81,754	2,922	140,248	13.9	18.2%
1987	1,118,764	58,359	49,825	(58,758)	(8,933)	1,511	50,937	4.6	11.1
1988	1,135,950	47,509	13,609	30,597	44,206	49,613	141,328	12.4	1.5
1989	1,268,455	12,484	23,197	38,963	62,160	67,305	141,949	11.2	11.7
1990	1,395,262	49,855	1,995	(16,810)	(14,815)	13,866	48,906	3.5	10.0
1991	1,411,538	49,457	15,435	73,766	89,201	108,288	246,946	17.5	1.2
1992	1,658,785	45,325	9,126	30,378	39,504	61,706	146,535	8.8	17.5
1993	1,808,728	45,340	15,142	30,099	45,241	93,800	184,381	10.2	9.0
1994	1,961,820	43,012	1,871	(10,567)	(8,696)	22,283	56,599	2.9	8.5
1995	1,975,258	48,331	32,145	120,317	152,462	210,447	411,240	20.8	0.7
Geometric Mean								11.2	9.7

Footnotes

1. Average of beginning-of-year and end-of-year levels of all Assets except contributions receivable and value of buildings and other property used in plan operations minus one-half of total return.
2. Sum of interest, dividends, rents, and (for years 1985-87) royalties.
3. DFE means direct filing entities including common/collective trust, pooled separate accounts, master trusts, 103-12 investment entities, and registered investment companies.
4. Sum of investment income, total appreciation, and total DFE Income.
5. Total return as a percentage of average investable Assets. See note for previous table.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1985-95 plan years.

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Table E26: Aggregate Rates of Return Earned by Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) and 401(k) Plans with 100 or More Participants, 1990-95

Year	401(k) Plans Total	401(k) Plans Sole Plan(1)	401(k) Plans Not Sole Plan(2)	Employee Stock Ownership Plans Total	Employee Stock Ownership Plans Leveraged	Employee Stock Ownership Plans Nonleveraged
1990	3.6%	4.5%	3.5%	0.0%	-1.0%	-1.5%
1991	14.7	14.6	14.7	14.7	18.9	12.6
1992	10.3	9.0	10.5	13.4	15.1	12.3
1993	9.8	8.8	10.0	12.8	10.6	14.3
1994	3.7	3.4	3.7	4.1	4.4	4.0
1995	20.5	18.5	20.9	22.9	17.5	24.7
Geometric mean(3)
1990-95	10.3	9.7	10.4	10.8	10.7	10.8
1991-95	11.6	10.7	11.8	13.4	13.2	13.4
1993-95	11.1	10.0	11.3	13.0	10.7	14.0
Standard deviation(4)
1990-95	5.9	5.3	6.1	7.8	7.2	8.2
1991-95	5.6	5.2	5.7	6.0	5.3	6.6
1993-95	6.9	6.2	7.1	7.7	5.4	8.4

Footnotes

1. 401(k) plan is only plan sponsored by the employer.
2. Employer sponsoring 401(k) plan also sponsors other pension plan(s).
3. Computed by adding one to the aggregate rate of return for each of the n years, taking the product of the sums, taking the nth root of the product, and subtracting one.
4. Standard deviation formula uses a denominator definition of N, not N-1.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1990-95 plan years.

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Figure E1. Number of Pension Plans 1975-95

Reference: Table E1.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Figure E2. Pension Plan Active Participants 1975-95

Reference: Table E8.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Figure E3. Pension Coverage of Wage and Salary Workers 1975-95

Reference: Table E4.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Figure E4. Pension Plan Assets 1975-95

Reference: Table E11.

Note: Total asset amounts shown exclude funds held by life insurance companies under allocated group insurance contracts. These funds equal 10 to 15 percent of pension assets.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Figure E5. Pension Plan Contributions and Benefits 1975-95

Reference: Tables E14 and E17.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Figure E6. Rates of Return by type of plan, 1985-95

Reference: Table E24.

Note: Plans with 100 or more participants only.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1985-95 plan years.

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Figure E7. Rates of Return for Single and Multiemployer Plans 1985-95

Reference: Table E24.

Note: Plans with 100 or more participants only.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1985-95 plan years.

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Figure E8. Rates of Return for 401(k) Type Plans 1990-95

Reference: Table E26.

Note: Plans with 100 or more participants only.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1990-95 plan years.

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Figure E9. Rates of Return for ESOPs 1990-95

Reference: Table E26.

Note: Plans with 100 or more participants only.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1990-95 plan years.

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Figure E10. Assets Per Participant by type of plan, 1975-95

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Figure E11. Participants Per Plan by type of plan, 1975-95

Note: The total number of participants in defined benefit plans was roughly the same (40 million) from 1986 through 1995 (Table E5). The average number of participants per defined benefit plan has grown over the same period, because the number of defined benefit plans has fallen 60 percent (Table E1).

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for 1975-95 plan years.

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Figure E12. Distribution of Pension Plans, Participants, and Assets by plan size, 1995

Note: Lines show the percentage of plans, participants, and assets reported by plans having less than or equal to the number of participants shown on the horizontal axis. Includes plans reporting 2 or more participants only.

Source: Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service for plan years beginning in 1995.