Child Labor and Forced Labor Reports
Mexico
Moderate Advancement
In 2022, Mexico made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved the ratification of the International Labor Organization's Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labor Convention and increased the number of municipal-level bodies responsible for coordinating efforts to address child labor. In addition, the government's Benito Juárez Wellbeing National Scholarship Program reached 1.2 million more students in 2022 than in 2021. However, children in Mexico are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities, such as the production and trafficking of drugs. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in the production of chile peppers, coffee, sugarcane, and tomatoes. Although 55.2 percent of all employment in Mexico occurs in the informal sector, federal and some state-level labor inspectors carry out inspections in that sector only after receiving formal complaints. Further, the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare does not have an internal system to track cases of child labor violations, and the 529 federal labor inspectors in the country are likely insufficient to cover the country’s more than 57 million workers. Criminal law enforcement agencies also lack human and financial resources, and social programs to prevent and eliminate child labor are insufficient.
Table 1 provides key indicators on children’s work and education in Mexico.
| Children | Age | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Working (% and population) | 5 to 14 | 4.0 (866,293) |
| Working Children by Sector | 5 to 14 | |
| Agriculture | 30.3 | |
| Industry | 16.1 | |
| Services | 53.6 | |
| Attending School (%) | 5 to 14 | 97.5 |
| Combining Work and School (%) | 7 to 14 | 4.4 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 102.7 |
Source for primary completion rate: Data from 2020, published by UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2023. (1)
Source for all other data: International Labor Organization's analysis of statistics from Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI), Encuesta Nacional de Trabajo Infantil, 2019. (2)
Based on a review of available information, Table 2 provides an overview of children's work by sector and activity.
| Sector/Industry | Activity |
|---|---|
| Agriculture | Working in agriculture,† including in the production of avocados, beans, chile peppers, coffee, cotton, cucumbers, eggplants, beans (green), guavas, melons, nuts, onions, pineapples, sugarcane, tobacco,† and tomatoes (3-12) |
| Cattle raising (12,13) | |
| Packing shrimp (12) | |
| Industry | Manufacturing† footwear, garments, leather goods, and textiles (2,5,13-15) |
| Producing baked goods (16,17) | |
| Construction,† activities unknown (2,12,13) | |
| Mining,† including amber and coal (2,12,13,18-21) | |
| Loading wood and working in carpentry workshops (12) | |
| Services | Street work† as vendors, shoe shiners, beggars, car washers, and porters (3,12,16,22-24) |
| Working in auto repair garages and bars† (2,5,12) | |
| Scavenging in landfills and recycling (17) | |
| Domestic work (2,12,13,25) | |
| Categorical Worst Forms of Child Labor‡ | Forced labor in domestic work, street vending, and begging (12,21,24,26-31) |
| Commercial sexual exploitation, including in the production of pornography, sometimes as a result of human trafficking (5,9,12,21,32-36) | |
| Use by cartels to perform illicit activities, including the production of poppies for heroin, drug trafficking, stealing fuel, and carrying out armed attacks, sometimes as a result of human trafficking (12,21,26,36-44) |
† Determined by national law or regulation as hazardous and, as such, relevant to Article 3(d) of ILO C. 182.
‡ Child labor understood as the worst forms of child labor per se under Article 3(a)–(c) of ILO C. 182.
Children's work in agriculture often includes long working hours, use of sharp tools, handling pesticides, and carrying heavy loads. (4,45,46) Indigenous children, migrant children, and those working in agriculture are particularly vulnerable to child labor. (26,31,32,47,48) Children from indigenous populations are more likely to work across all sectors, including in agriculture, than non-indigenous children. (31,49,50) Indigenous children are also less likely to attend school due to the lack of schools near their homes, educational materials, and instruction in native languages. (51,52)
Organized criminal groups operating in rural areas throughout the country actively recruit children. (36,44,53,54) These children serve as lookouts, carry out armed attacks against authorities and rival cartels, and are used in the production, transport, and sale of drugs. (26,42,43,55,56) Children in Mexico are also subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking within the country. In addition to organized criminal groups, perpetrators of child trafficking crimes are often family members or acquaintances of the victim. (9,26,36,57) The Secretariat of Health’s National System for Integral Family Development (SNDIF) estimates that each year at least 70,000 children are trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation. (21,58) Migrant children from El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Haiti, and internal migrant children from Mexico, especially those traveling by themselves, are more vulnerable to human trafficking, forced recruitment by organized criminal groups, and other worst forms of child labor. (26,59,60)
The Secretariat of Public Education reported that over 512,000 fewer students enrolled in basic and lower secondary education in 2022 compared to the prior year. (12,61,62) It has also been reported that at least half of Mexican households do not have computers or internet access, while 80 percent of indigenous or rural households lacked computers or internet access, limiting the ability of these children to participate in distance learning programs. (63,64)
Mexico has ratified all key international conventions concerning child labor (Table 3).
| Convention | Ratification |
|---|---|
| ILO C. 138, Minimum Age | ✓ |
| ILO C. 182, Worst Forms of Child Labor | ✓ |
| UN CRC | ✓ |
| UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict | ✓ |
| UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography | ✓ |
| Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons | ✓ |
The government ratified the Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labor Convention, 1930 on November 10, 2022. (65)
The government’s laws and regulations are in line with relevant international standards (Table 4).
| Standard | Meets International Standards | Age | Legislation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum Age for Work | Yes | 15 | Article 123 of the Constitution; Article 22 bis of the Labor Code; Article 47 of the Law on the Rights of Children and Adolescents; Article 6 of the General Education Law (66-69) |
| Minimum Age for Hazardous Work | Yes | 18 | Articles 23 and 175 of the Labor Code (69) |
| Identification of Hazardous Occupations or Activities Prohibited for Children | Yes | Articles 175 and 176 of the Labor Code (69) | |
| Prohibition of Forced Labor | Yes | Articles 1 and 5 of the Constitution; Articles 11, 12, and 22 of the Trafficking in Persons Law; Article 47 of the Law on the Rights of Children and Adolescents (65-67,70) | |
| Prohibition of Child Trafficking | Yes | Article 10 of the Trafficking in Persons Law; Article 47 of the Law on the Rights of Children and Adolescents (67,70) | |
| Prohibition of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children | Yes | Articles 200–205-Bis of the Federal Penal Code; Articles 13 and 18 of the Trafficking in Persons Law; Article 47 of the Law on the Rights of Children and Adolescents (67,70,71) | |
| Prohibition of Using Children in Illicit Activities | Yes | Articles 196 and 201 of the Federal Penal Code; Article 24 of the Trafficking in Persons Law; Articles 2, 4, and 5 of the Law on Organized Crime (70-72) | |
| Prohibition of Compulsory Recruitment of Children by (State) Military | Yes | Article 5 of the Military Service Law (73) | |
| Minimum Age for Voluntary State Military Recruitment | Yes | 18 | Article 24 of the Military Service Law (73) |
| Prohibition of Military Recruitment by Non-state Armed Groups | Yes | Articles 123 and 201 of the Federal Penal Code; Articles 16 and 47 of the Law on the Rights of Children and Adolescents (67,71) | |
| Compulsory Education Age | Yes | 18 | Articles 6 and 129 of the General Education Law (68) |
| Free Public Education | Yes | Article 3 of the Constitution; Article 7, Section IV of the General Education Law (66,68) |
In 2022, the Mexican Senate revised the Military Service Law to remove the exception that allowed children aged 16 and 17 to enroll in voluntary state military service. (73-76) In April 2022, Mexico also amended the Labor Code to allow children as young as age 15 to work in some forms of agricultural employment. Previously, all work in agriculture was considered hazardous; under the new provision, only work using chemicals, handling machinery, operating heavy machinery, and determined by the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare (STPS) is considered hazardous. (69,77-79) In addition, as the minimum age for work at age 15 is lower than the compulsory education age of 18, children may be encouraged to leave school before the completion of compulsory education. (78,80)
The government has established institutional mechanisms for the enforcement of laws and regulations on child labor (Table 5). However, gaps exist within the operations of enforcement agencies that may hinder adequate enforcement of child labor laws.
| Organization/Agency | Role & Activities |
|---|---|
| Secretariat for Labor and Social Welfare (STPS) | Leads efforts to enforce child labor laws, conduct labor inspections, and refer cases for investigation. (69,81-86) The STPS inspectorate is responsible for labor law enforcement in 22 industrial sectors under federal jurisdiction, including the sugar and tobacco industries, three types of enterprises, and labor matters affecting two or more states. The state-level labor inspectorates are responsible for labor law enforcement in all other situations. (66,69,87) Federal and state labor inspectorates carry out labor inspections in formally registered businesses. (81,82,88,89) The Federal Attorney for the Defense of Labor (PROFEDET), a decentralized unit of STPS, receives and prosecutes labor rights violations, including cases involving workers under age 18. (12) |
| Office of the Attorney General of the Republic (FGR) | Prosecutes crimes involving human trafficking, including those considered as categorical worst forms of child labor, such as human trafficking. (72,90) The FGR's Specialized Unit for Crimes against Women and Trafficking in Persons (FEVIMTRA) and the Specialized Unit on Trafficking in Minors, People, and Organs (UEITMPO) are responsible for investigating and prosecuting human trafficking cases at the federal level, while the Specialized Office for Organized Crime (FEMDO) investigates and prosecutes cases linked to commercial sexual exploitation of children. (12,26,75,86,91-93) In addition, all 32 states have specialized trafficking in persons prosecutors or units, which are responsible for investigating and prosecuting cases of human trafficking at the state level. (93-96) Federal and state trafficking in persons units also receive some cases of child trafficking from the National Institute of Migration and the Mexican Commission for Refugee Assistance. (97,98) |
Labor Law Enforcement
In 2022, labor law enforcement agencies in Mexico took actions to address child labor (Table 6). However, gaps exist within the operations of STPS that may hinder adequate labor law enforcement, including the lack of unannounced inspections being conducted in all sectors.
| Overview of Labor Law Enforcement | 2021 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Labor Inspectorate Funding | $1,536,366 (9) | $1,658,234 (12,99) |
| Number of Labor Inspectors | 471 (9) | 529 (12) |
| Mechanism to Assess Civil Penalties | Yes (89) | Yes (89) |
| Training for Labor Inspectors Provided | Yes (9) | Yes (12) |
| Number of Labor Inspections Conducted at Worksite | 35,098† (9) | 38,337† ‡ (12) |
| Number of Child Labor Violations Found | 2† (9) | 0† (12) |
| Number of Child Labor Violations for Which Penalties Were Imposed | 2† (9) | N/A† (12) |
| Number of Child Labor Penalties Imposed that Were Collected | Unknown (9) | Unknown (12) |
| Routine Inspections Conducted | Yes (9) | Yes (12) |
| Routine Inspections Targeted | Yes (9) | Yes (12) |
| Unannounced Inspections Permitted | Yes (89) | Yes (89) |
| Unannounced Inspections Conducted | Yes (9) | Yes (12) |
| Complaint Mechanism Exists | Yes (9) | Yes (12) |
| Reciprocal Referral Mechanism Exists Between Labor Authorities and Social Services | Yes (9,100) | Yes (12) |
† Data are for federal inspectorate only. (9,12)
‡ Data are from January 1, 2022, to October 31, 2022. (12)
Mexico added 58 labor inspectors at the federal level in 2022, bringing the total number of federal labor inspectors to 529, with 178 state-level labor inspectors in eleven states. (12) However, research indicates that Mexico does not have an adequate number of labor inspectors to carry out their mandated duties. (101,102) This was reported by state-level officials in Baja California Sur, Nuevo Leon, and the State of Mexico. (12) In 2022, the federal inspectorate identified no child labor violations, while eleven local-level state authorities reported identifying a total of 58 violations related to child labor, compared to 215 in 2021. (12) The states did not provide information on penalties imposed or collected. (9,41,82,86,91,103) Moreover, research could not verify that all state-level labor ministries conducted child labor inspections, sanctioned establishments in violation of the Labor Code, or applied the guidelines on identifying and sanctioning child labor violations as outlined in the "Labor Inspection Protocol to Eradicate Child Labor and Protect Adolescent Workers." (9,41,82,86,91,92) Further, the total number of child labor complaints received is unknown, as STPS does not have an internal system to track cases of child labor violations, hindering the Mexican government's ability to report on the outcomes and the prevalence of child labor violations. (87,89,104,105) STPS only conducts unannounced inspections in the informal sector for child labor violations in response to complaints, and child labor inspections must be coordinated with representatives from the Secretariat of Health’s National System for Integral Family Development and the local Office of the Attorney General of Mexico (FGR). (12) As the informal sector accounts for 55 percent of employment in Mexico, including agricultural employment, the lack of inspections in this sector leaves children vulnerable to labor exploitation. (5,81,83,88,106,107) Moreover, concerns remain regarding Mexico’s lack of inspections in rural areas and at small and medium enterprises, particularly in the agricultural sector. (56,108,109) Furthermore, due to limited information sharing between federal and state-level inspectorates, some establishments may not be inspected for labor law violations. (81,89,104)
Federal and state labor inspectors have the authority to recommend administrative penalties, and the STPS Directorate of Judicial affairs is responsible for determining penalties in cases under federal jurisdiction. In turn, the Directorate notifies its determination to the local-level finance authorities. (12,104) Funds collected remain with the local finance authority, which do not report the collection of sanctions to STPS. When the Directorate identifies evidence of potential crimes, it notifies the FGR and state prosecutors of child labor violations so that they can investigate and prosecute criminal acts related to these cases and coordinate with service providers to support victims of child labor. (12,81,100)
Criminal Law Enforcement
In 2022, criminal law enforcement agencies in Mexico took actions to address child labor (Table 7). However, gaps exist within the operations of enforcement agencies that may hinder adequate criminal law enforcement, including insufficient financial resource allocation.
| Overview of Criminal Law Enforcement | 2021 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Training for Criminal Investigators Provided | Yes (9) | Yes (12) |
| Number of Investigations | 484† (110) | 383 (12,111) |
| Number of Prosecutions Initiated | Unknown (9) | 27 (12) |
| Number of Convictions | 42‡ (56) | 25 (12) |
| Imposed Penalties for Violations Related to the Worst Forms of Child Labor | Yes (56,112) | Yes (12) |
| Reciprocal Referral Mechanism Exists Between Criminal Authorities and Social Services | Yes (9) | Yes (12) |
† Data are from January 1, 2021, to July 31, 2021. (110)
‡ Data reported may not be complete. (56)
The Specialized Unit for Crimes against Women and Trafficking in Persons (FEVIMTRA) and Mexico's National Guard participated in trainings on child trafficking and other crimes against children, including some aimed at identifying commercial sexual exploitation cases. (12) However, reports indicate that the lack of training for criminal law enforcement officers on how to perform prosecutorial and police investigative functions hampered their ability to adequately investigate and prosecute cases involving child labor. (9,26,56,110,113,114) In addition, the inadequate capacity of prosecutors and judges to try criminal cases related to human trafficking meant that many suspected traffickers were incorrectly prosecuted for minor offenses or were acquitted. (9,26,56,110,113) Moreover, state prosecutors had limited financial resources available for investigations, training, and outreach. (110,113-115) Since 2019, the Government of Mexico has implemented austerity measures that left many secretariats and agencies, including the FGR and the National Human Rights Commission, at both the federal and state levels, without the appropriate personnel, expertise, and leadership to carry out core government functions, such as enforcing laws and establishing and implementing policies and programs related to child labor. (9,12,56,88,89,113,114) Additionally, although the government provided some information on its criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor at the federal level and for the states of Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Mexico City, and Puebla, weak coordination and inconsistent data sharing among government agencies prevented comprehensive statistics from being compiled. (12,56,110) Inconsistent data collection and the lack of coordination among government ministries, including those at the state level, may hinder criminal prosecutions and impact government efforts to provide victim services. (12,36,56,94,110,113,116,117)
The government has established a key mechanism to coordinate its efforts to address child labor (Table 8). However, gaps exist that hinder the effective coordination of efforts to address child labor, including low levels of participation by state authorities in coordinating mechanisms.
| Coordinating Body | Role & Activities |
|---|---|
| Inter-Institutional Commission for Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and the Protection of Adolescent Workers of the Permitted Age in Mexico (CITI) | Coordinates Mexico’s activities to develop policies, approve programs, and monitor and evaluate efforts to eliminate child labor. Meets on a quarterly basis, chaired by STPS, and includes representatives from the secretariats of the Interior, Economy, Foreign Affairs, Wellbeing, Agriculture, Transportation, Education, Health, Tourism, Social Security, System for Integral Family Development (SNDIF), and FGR, and NGO networks and international technical and financial partners, such as ILO, UNODC, IOM, and academia. (12,100) There are also state level (CITI Estatales) and municipal-level committees through a National Network of Local Commissions for Preventing and Eradicating Child Labor and Protecting Adolescent Workers (CITIs Network). However, some states do not have active CITI committees, and only about half of the 32 states engaged with CITI at the federal level. (12) In addition, of the active state CITIs, only the state CITIs of Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Jalisco, and the State of Mexico reported on their activities during the reporting period. (9,12) CITI also began implementing its Plan of Action on Child Labor 2021–2024. (9,100,104) Although this plan requires the CITI Secretariat to conduct monitoring activities on a quarterly basis, it lacks an accompanying budget for activities. (118,119) |
The government has established policies related to child labor (Table 9). However, policy gaps exist that hinder efforts to address child labor, including a lack of coverage of all worst forms of child labor.
| Policy | Description & Activities |
|---|---|
| National Program for the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare (2020–2024) | Seeks to strengthen worker rights in Mexico and increase the participation of workers in the formal sector. (12) The program prioritizes addressing child labor as part of STPS's social inclusion strategy. (120) In 2022, STPS, in collaboration with Save the Children, trained 44 civil servants from the state government of Aguascalientes on child labor issues. (12,121) |
| National Program for Children and Adolescents (PRONAPPINA) (2021–2024) | Aims to guarantee the rights of children and adolescents by establishing mechanisms to support their growth and development. (12,122) In February 2022, the government launched an action plan to accompany PRONAPINNA. (123) In addition, under this program, the government published the Strategy for the Prevention of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents and delivered a technical training to develop indicators on the rights of children and adolescents. (12,124) |
| National Action Plan on Trafficking in Persons (PNTdP)† (2022–2024) | Guides the work of the Inter-agency Commission to Prevent, Sanction, and Eradicate Crimes on Human Trafficking and for the Protection and Assistance to Victims of Human Trafficking, under the General Law on Human Trafficking. (125) Published by the Secretariat of the Interior (SEGOB) in December 2022, this program delineates the Government of Mexico's public policy on human trafficking, in alignment with the National Development Plan 2019–2024. (9,12,126) Thirteen federal government agencies, including SEGOB, STPS, and the Secretariat of Tourism, are responsible for implementing the plan. (125) PNTdP has five key objectives: (1) promoting amendments to the legal framework on human trafficking at the federal level, (2) outlining coordination efforts on human trafficking at the national level, (3) strengthening services to survivors of human trafficking, (4) promoting research to inform actions and public policies, and (5) promoting the human rights of survivors of human trafficking. (125) |
† Policy was approved during the reporting period.
‡ The government has other policies that may have addressed child labor issues or had an impact on child labor. (127)
Although the government has policies to address some of the worst forms of child labor, research could not confirm whether there is a policy to address the use of children in illicit activities. (100,120,128)
The government funded and participated in programs that include the goal of eliminating or preventing child labor (Table 10). However, gaps exist in these social programs, including a lack of programs to address child labor in all sectors and in all states.
| Program | Description & Activities |
|---|---|
| Benito Juarez Wellbeing National Scholarship Program† | A $39.3 million Secretariat of Public Education cash transfer program that offers scholarships for families living in poverty and students at risk of school desertion. The Wellbeing Basic Education Family Scholarship provides bimonthly payments of $92 per household for all children under age 15 enrolled in school, while the Benito Juarez Scholarship provides bimonthly payments of $92 to each child enrolled in high school. (129-131) Although the program reached 11 million students in 2022, it has been criticized for providing insufficient cash transfers, lacking monitoring and evaluation, and having implementation issues. (132-137) |
| Education Programs† | Managed by the National Institute of Indigenous Peoples, the Indigenous Education Support Program (PAEI) promotes access to public education for children and adolescents from indigenous and Afro-Mexican communities through scholarships, lodging, and nutritional assistance. (138) With funding close to $87 million, the program helped 80,607 students in 2022. (138) However, during the reporting period, the government eliminated the Indigenous People’s Education Diversity Program, the Educational Program for Migrant School Population, and the Full-Time Schools Program. (9,139-141) The termination of the Full-Time Schools Program impacted 3.6 million students. Starting in April 2022, due to advocacy and legal action by parents, civil society organizations, and state-level authorities, Secretariat of Public Education expanded the scope of The School is Ours (LEEN) program from its initial focus on building and improving educational infrastructure to also include an extended school schedule and meal services. (139,142-144) |
| Assistance for At-Risk Children and Adolescents Program (PAMAR)† | Implemented by SNDIF at the state and municipal levels to assist youth at risk for child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and in illicit activities, by providing shelters, psychosocial assistance, and training. (9,56) Research could not confirm whether the program was active in all states and municipalities where the program is needed. |
For information about USDOL’s projects to address child labor around the world, visit https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/ilab-project-page-search
† Program is funded by the Government of Mexico.
‡ The government had other social programs that may have included the goal of eliminating or preventing child labor. (12,48,100,145-147)
Based on the reporting above, suggested actions are identified that would advance the elimination of child labor in Mexico (Table 11).
| Area | Suggested Action | Year(s) Suggested |
|---|---|---|
| Legal Framework | Raise the minimum age for work from 15 to 18 to align with the compulsory education age. | 2019 – 2022 |
| Enforcement | Increase the number of labor inspectors from 529 to 3,835 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 57.5 million people. | 2019 – 2022 |
| Expand access to trainings for federal and state-level labor inspectors on child labor protocols and ensure that protocol guidelines related to identifying, sanctioning, and referring for criminal investigation of child labor violations are followed. | 2019 – 2022 | |
| Ensure that the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare at the federal and the state-level Secretariats of Labor conduct targeted routine and unannounced labor inspections in all sectors, including in the informal sector and in rural areas. | 2019 – 2022 | |
| Improve cooperation and information sharing between federal and state-level labor inspectorates and among officials in different states. | 2019 – 2022 | |
| Publish information at the federal and state levels on the number of child labor violations identified, fines for child labor violations that were collected, and cases referred to prosecutors for criminal investigation. | 2019 – 2022 | |
| Create a case tracking system equipping the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare to identify disaggregated data for cases of child labor violations. | 2019 – 2022 | |
| Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies and government service providers receive sufficient funding to conduct investigations and prosecutions related to alleged child labor crimes and to provide services to survivors. | 2019 – 2022 | |
| Increase coordination and data sharing among government ministries to ensure adequate criminal prosecutions of suspected perpetrators of child labor crimes. | 2019 – 2022 | |
| Increase training for enforcement officials and prosecutors on territorial jurisdictions and on how to perform prosecutorial and police investigative functions. In addition, train prosecutors and judges on prosecuting human trafficking crimes. | 2019 – 2022 | |
| Coordination | Ensure the active participation and continued engagement of all states and relevant stakeholders within the framework of the Inter-Institutional Commission for Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and the Protection of Adolescent Workers of the Permitted Age in Mexico. | 2019 – 2022 |
| Government Policies | Adopt policies that address all worst forms of child labor, including the use of children in illicit activities. | 2019 – 2022 |
| Social Programs | Expand access to education by increasing funding to schools, extending school schedules, improving school infrastructure, providing education materials and instruction in native languages, and fostering internet access for learning purposes. | 2019 – 2022 |
| Ensure that unaccompanied migrant children are screened for indicators of human trafficking or other victimization, are placed in child protection centers instead of detention centers, and receive access to education. | 2019 – 2022 | |
| Screen for indicators of human trafficking among children used in illicit activities by organized criminal groups and ensure that they are provided with adequate social services. | 2019 – 2022 | |
| Provide additional support to indigenous, migrant, internally displaced, and refugee children, and fund social programs to increase their access to education and reduce their risk for child labor. | 2020 – 2022 | |
| Ensure that the Benito Juarez Wellbeing Scholarship Program provides sufficient cash transfers to vulnerable students, while also receiving regular monitoring and evaluation to ensure its effective implementation. | 2019 – 2022 | |
| Expand social protection programs throughout the country for victims of child labor in all relevant sectors, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities. | 2019 – 2022 |
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https://www.americasquarterly.org/content/what-amlos-anti-poverty-overhaul-says-about-his-government - Revista Espejo. Mexicanos Primero Sinaloa señala aciertos y desafíos ante presupuesto educativo 2021. December 18, 2020.
https://revistaespejo.com/2020/12/18/mexicanos-primero-sinaloa-senala-aciertos-y-desafios-ante-presupuesto-educativo-2021/
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