List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor
The Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB) maintains a list of goods and their source countries which it has reason to believe are produced by child labor or forced labor in violation of international standards, as required under the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA) of 2005 and subsequent reauthorizations. The List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor comprises 159 goods from 78 countries and areas, as of September 28, 2022.
ILAB maintains the List primarily to raise public awareness about forced labor and child labor around the world and to promote efforts to combat them; it is not intended to be punitive, but rather to serve as a catalyst for more strategic and focused coordination and collaboration among those working to address these problems.
Publication of the List has resulted in new opportunities for ILAB to engage with foreign governments to combat forced labor and child labor. It is also a valuable resource for researchers, advocacy organizations and companies wishing to carry out risk assessments and engage in due diligence on labor rights in their supply chains.
The countries on the List span every region of the world. The most common agricultural goods listed are sugarcane, cotton, coffee, tobacco, cattle, rice, and fish. In the manufacturing sector, bricks, garments, textiles, footwear, carpets, and fireworks appear most frequently. In mined or quarried goods, gold, coal and diamonds are most common.
ILAB published the initial TVPRA List in 2009 and updated it annually through 2014, following a set of procedural guidelines that were the product of an intensive public consultation process. ILAB now updates and publishes the List every other year, pursuant to changes in the law.
Procedural Guidelines
On January 25, 2024, ILAB's Office of Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking published Procedural Guidelines for the development and maintenance of the List of Goods from countries produced by child labor or forced labor in violation of international standards.
| Country/Area Sort descending | Good | Exploitation Type |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | Child Labor | |
| Brazil | Child Labor | |
| Brazil | Child Labor | |
| Brazil | There is evidence that children ages 5 to 13 cultivate corn in Brazil. The ILO has found that generally children who work in agriculture may be at risk of exposure to hazards including, working long hours, carrying heavy loads, using dangerous tools, and exposure to the elements, physical injuries, and chemicals, such as pesticides. The Government of Brazil’s 2015 National Household Survey considers all work performed by children below age 14 to be child labor. Based on an analysis of the survey, an estimated 17,049 child laborers cultivate corn. The release of this survey demonstrates the Government of Brazil’s commitment to addressing child labor and its acknowledgement that data collection is vital to the design and implementation of sound policies and programs. |
Child Labor |
| Brazil | Child Labor | |
| Brazil | Child Labor | |
| Brazil | Forced Labor | |
| Brazil | Child Labor, Forced Labor | |
| Brazil | There are reports that children, as young as age 8, are engaged in the harvesting of açaí berries in Brazil. Evidence of child labor has been found in the city of Abaetuba, a major center for açaí berry production, in the State of Pará. Children are involved in the harvesting season from August until January each year, alongside their families. Most families in the region rely on the harvest as their main source of income. Reports and field research indicate that children are seen as extremely valuable to the harvest due to their physical stature and natural agility, qualities that allow them to climb the açaí berry trees’ tall and thin trunks more easily without the trees breaking. Açaí berry picking is considered to be a highly dangerous job in Brazil, requiring those involved in its harvest to climb great heights, sometimes up to 65 feet. Children engaged in açaí berry harvesting not only are required to scale very tall trees, but they also lack proper protective equipment, transport large knives with serrated blades in the back of their shorts, and are exposed to hot climate conditions and environments that include venomous insects and other dangerous animals. |
Child Labor |
| Brazil | Child Labor |
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Related
- Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor
- Executive Order 13126 List of Products Produced by Forced or Indentured Child Labor
- Against Their Will: The Situation in Xinjiang
Further Resources
- Supply Chain Storyboards
Previous TVPRA List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor
- 2020
- Full Report (PDF)
- Excel format (XLS)
- Bibliography (PDF)
- 2018
- Full Report (PDF)
- Excel format (XLS)
- Bibliography (PDF)
- 2016
- Full Report (PDF)
- Excel format (XLS)
- Bibliography (PDF)
- 2014
- Full report (PDF)
- Excel format (XLS)
- Bibliography (PDF)
- 2013
- Infographic (PDF)
- Excel format (XLS)
- Bibliography (PDF)
- 2012
- Full Report
- Bibliography (PDF)
- List in Excel Format (XLS)
- 2011
- Full Report
- Bibliography (PDF)
- List in Excel Format (XLS)
- 2010
- Full Report (PDF)
- Bibliography (PDF)
- List in Excel Format (CSV)
- 2009 Full Report (PDF)
Public Comments & Submissions
ILAB accepts public submissions for the TVPRA List on an ongoing basis, and reviews them as they are received. Submissions will continue to be taken into account as ILAB works to release periodic updates to the List. To submit information, please send an email to ILAB-TVPRA@dol.gov; fax to 202-693-4830; or mail to ILAB, U.S. Department of Labor, c/o OCFT Research and Policy Unit, 200 Constitution Ave NW, S-5315, Washington, DC 20210. View the list of submissions.
The List in Numbers
What You Can Do
