Wage and Hour Division (WHD)
APPENDIX A-1 TABLES DISPLAYED IN TEXT
CHAPTER 2 TABLES DISPLAYED IN TEXT
Table A1-2.1. Employees Taking Leave: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
1995 |
2000 |
|
Number of employees taking leave (for a covered reason) in the previous 18 months** |
20,359,000 |
23,830,000 |
Percent of employee population |
16.0% |
16.5% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.2. Length of Second Longest Leave: 2000 Survey
Length of Second Longest Leave |
Percent of Those Taking More Than One Leave |
1 – 3 days |
42.9% |
4 – 5 days |
26.3% |
6 – 10 days |
14.1% |
11 – 20 days |
7.4% |
More than 20 days |
9.4% |
Number of Leave-Takers Taking More Than One Leave |
5,676,524 |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.3. Reasons for Taking Leave Across All Leaves Taken in
Previous 18 Months: 2000 Survey
Reason for Leave |
Percent of |
Own health |
52.4% |
Maternity-disability |
7.9% |
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or newly placed foster child |
18.5% |
Care for ill child |
11.5% |
Care for ill spouse |
6.4% |
Care for ill parent |
13.0% |
Note: Percentages sum to more than 100% due to some persons taking more than one leave.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.4. Reasons for Taking Leave Across All Leaves Taken,
Based on Total Employee Population: 2000 Survey
Reason for Leave |
Percent of |
Own health |
8.7% |
Maternity-disability |
1.3% |
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or newly placed foster child |
3.1% |
Care for ill child |
1.9% |
Care for ill spouse |
1.1% |
Care for ill parent |
2.2% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.5. Employees’ Reasons for Taking Longest Leave:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Reason for Longest Leave |
Percent of Leave-Takers |
|
1995 |
2000 |
|
Own health** |
61.4% |
47.2% |
Maternity-disability** |
4.6% |
7.8% |
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, |
14.3% |
17.9% |
Care for ill child |
8.5% |
9.8% |
Care for ill spouse** |
3.6% |
5.9% |
Care for ill parent** |
7.6% |
11.4% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 surveys is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.6. Employees’ Reasons for Second Longest Leave: 2000 Survey
Reason for Second Longest Leave |
Percent of Persons Taking More Than One Leave |
Own health |
55.8% |
Maternity-disability |
-- |
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or newly |
5.1% |
Care for ill child |
20.1% |
Care for ill spouse |
4.2% |
Care for ill parent |
13.0% |
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.7. Length of Longest Leave by Reason for Leave: 2000 Survey
Percent of Leave-Takers for Each Reason |
||||||
Length of Longest Leave** (in work days) |
Own Health |
Maternity-Disability |
Care for Newborn, Newly Adopted or Foster Child |
Care for Ill Child |
Care for Ill Spouse |
Care for Ill Parent |
1 – 3 days |
8.2% |
-- |
10.0% |
26.0% |
24.0% |
17.4% |
4 – 5 days |
17.1% |
-- |
27.5% |
23.7% |
38.3% |
32.2% |
6 – 10 days |
18.7% |
-- |
17.6% |
31.9% |
19.9% |
30.9% |
11 – 30 days |
25.1% |
18.1% |
13.5% |
14.0% |
-- |
13.1% |
31 – 60 days |
19.4% |
39.7% |
21.7% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
More than 60 days |
11.4% |
28.7% |
9.8% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
** Difference among reasons for leave is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.8. Use of Intermittent Leave: 2000 Survey
Leave-Takers Who: |
Percent of |
Took intermittent leave at least once in previous 18 months |
27.8% |
Did not take intermittent leave |
72.2% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.9. Amount of Leave that was Intermittent:
2000 Survey
Amount of Leave that was Intermittent |
Percent of Leave-Takers Taking Intermittent Leave |
Less than half |
53.9% |
About half |
19.6% |
More than half |
26.4% |
Notes: Column percents based on the 27.8% of leave-takers who reported taking intermittent leave.
Percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.10. Intermittent Use of Longest Leave: 2000 Survey
Leave-Takers’ Longest Leave Was: |
Percent of |
Intermittent |
20.8% |
Not intermittent |
79.2% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.11. Use of Longest Intermittent Leave on a Routine
or As-Needed Basis: 2000 Survey
Intermittent Leave was Taken as: |
Percent of Those |
Regular routine |
13.4% |
As-needed |
86.6% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.12. Intermittent Use of Longest Leave by Reason for Leave: 2000 Survey
Reason for Longest Leave** |
Percent of Leave-Takers |
Percent of Leave-Takers |
Own health |
35.1% |
50.3% |
Maternity-disability |
4.9% |
8.6% |
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or newly placed foster child |
|
|
Care for ill child |
19.1% |
7.4% |
Care for ill spouse |
8.9% |
5.1% |
Care for ill parent |
18.7% |
9.6% |
** Difference between "intermittent" and "not intermittent" categories is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.13. Intermittent Use of Longest Leave Within Reasons for Leave: 2000 Survey
Percent of Leave-Takers Within Each Reason Whose Longest Leave Was: |
|||
Reason for Longest Leave** |
Intermittent |
Not Intermittent |
|
Own health |
15.0% |
85.0% |
|
Maternity-disability |
12.7% |
87.3% |
|
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or newly placed foster child |
14.9% |
85.1% |
|
Care for ill child |
39.5% |
60.5% |
|
Care for ill spouse |
30.9% |
69.1% |
|
Care for ill parent |
33.1% |
66.9% |
|
** Difference between reasons categories is significant at p<.05.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.14. Employees Needing But Not Taking Leave:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Persons Not Taking Leave |
||
1995 |
2000 |
|
Number of employees needing but not taking leave (for a covered reason) in the previous 18 months |
3,925,056 |
3,520,177 |
Percent of employee population** |
3.1% |
2.4% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 significant at p<.05.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.15. Number of Leaves Needed But Not Taken:
2000 Survey
Percent of Leave-Needers |
|
1 leave |
44.4% |
2 leaves |
25.0% |
3 – 4 leaves |
18.9% |
5 or more leaves |
11.8% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.16. Reasons for Needing Leave: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Leave-Needers |
|
1995 |
2000 |
|
Own health |
47.7% |
48.1% |
Maternity-disability |
-- |
-- |
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or newly placed foster child |
9.3% |
9.3% |
Care for ill child |
18.6% |
19.6% |
Care for ill spouse |
10.2% |
9.0% |
Care for ill parent |
20.2% |
22.6% |
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percentages sum to more than 100% due to some persons needing leave for more than one reason.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.17. Reasons for Not Taking Leave: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Leave-Needers |
|
1995 |
2000 |
|
Thought job might be lost |
29.7% |
31.9% |
Thought job advancement might be hurt** |
22.8% |
42.6% |
Did not want to lose seniority** |
15.1% |
27.8% |
Not eligible—worked part-time |
14.3% |
12.3% |
Not eligible—had not worked long |
N/A |
18.4% |
Employer denied request** |
9.9% |
20.8% |
Could not afford to take leave** |
65.9% |
77.6% |
Wanted to save leave time |
28.5% |
34.3% |
Work is too important** |
40.8% |
52.6% |
Some other reason |
N/A |
13.2% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
NA Indicates reason not asked about in 1995 survey.
Note: Percentages sum to more than 100% due to some persons reporting multiple reasons for not taking leave.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.18. Perceived Impact of Pay on Leave-Needers: 2000 Survey
Perceived Impact of Pay |
Percent of Leave-Needers Who Could Not Afford to Take Leave |
Would have taken leave if some/additional pay had been received |
|
Would not have taken leave if some/additional pay had been received |
|
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-2.19. How Leave-Needers Took Care of Their Situation:
2000 Survey
Percent of Leave-Needers |
|
Just lived with it/Suffered through it |
44.1% |
Got help from others (family, friends) |
25.0% |
Altered work (schedule, duties, etc.) |
12.2% |
Took some time off |
13.1% |
Did something else |
5.7% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
CHAPTER 3
TABLES DISPLAYED
IN TEXT
Table A1-3.1. Coverage of Establishments and Employees Under the Family and Medical Leave Act: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
Percent of |
Percent of |
|||
1995 |
2000 |
1995 |
2000 |
|
FMLA-covered establishments |
10.8% |
10.8% |
59.5% |
58.3% |
Non-covered establishments |
89.2% |
89.2% |
40.5% |
41.7% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A1-3.2. Characteristics of FMLA-Covered Establishments: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
Percent of |
Percent of Employees in Covered Establishments |
|||
1995 |
2000 |
1995 |
2000 |
|
Coverage Due to 75 Mile Rule |
||||
At least 50 employees at sampled location |
39.1% |
44.2% |
90.2% |
91.1% |
At least 50 employees within 75 miles |
|
|
|
|
Number of Employees at Worksites |
||||
Up to 250 employees |
95.4% |
94.7% |
53.9% |
55.7% |
More than 250 employees |
4.6% |
5.3% |
46.1% |
44.3% |
Standard Industrial Classification |
||||
Manufacturing |
9.4% |
13.0% |
24.5% |
23.1% |
Retail |
27.7% |
19.6% |
15.7% |
14.6% |
Services |
26.2% |
29.1% |
34.1% |
35.3% |
All other industries |
36.8% |
38.2% |
25.7% |
27.0% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A1-3.3. Demographic Characteristics of Leave-Takers by
Eligibility Status: 2000 Survey
Percent of Covered and Eligible |
|
|
Gender |
||
Male |
42.3% |
41.2% |
Female |
57.7% |
58.8% |
Age** |
||
18 – 24 |
8.2% |
13.2% |
25 – 34 |
25.7% |
31.6% |
35 – 49 |
40.6% |
38.0% |
50 – 64 |
23.6% |
14.4% |
65 or over |
1.8% |
2.7% |
Race/Ethnicity** |
||
White non-Hispanic |
73.6% |
81.1% |
Black non-Hispanic |
13.6% |
5.1% |
Hispanic |
7.9% |
8.7% |
Asian |
2.4% |
-- |
All others |
2.5% |
3.4% |
Marital Status |
||
Married/Living with partner |
74.5% |
75.8% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
13.0% |
12.1% |
Never been married |
12.4% |
12.1% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
||
None |
41.4% |
38.6% |
One or more |
58.6% |
61.4% |
Education |
||
Less than high school |
5.2% |
7.2% |
High school graduate |
28.9% |
26.1% |
Some college |
33.3% |
31.7% |
College graduate |
21.3% |
23.9% |
Graduate school |
11.3% |
11.0% |
Annual Family Income** |
||
Less than $20,000 |
10.4% |
23.3% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
12.4% |
12.3% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
26.7% |
23.2% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
28.5% |
20.5% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
13.9% |
6.5% |
$100,000 or more |
8.0% |
14.1% |
Compensation Type** |
||
Salaried |
39.1% |
31.5% |
Hourly |
55.1% |
53.3% |
Other |
5.8% |
15.1% |
** Difference between covered and eligible leave-takers and all other employees is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-3.4. Awareness of FMLA Among Covered and Non-covered Employees:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Percent of Employees |
||||||
Covered |
Non-covered |
All Employees |
||||
1995 |
2000 |
1995 |
2000 |
1995 |
2000 |
|
Employees who have heard about FMLA |
59.0% |
59.3% |
50.2%* |
58.2% |
56.0% |
59.1% |
Employees who have not heard about FMLA |
41.0% |
40.7% |
49.8%* |
41.8% |
44.0% |
40.9% |
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-3.5. Employees Taking Their Longest Leave Under FMLA:(1) 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent |
|
1995 |
2000 |
|
Percent of all employees** |
1.2% |
1.9% |
Percent of all leave-takers** |
7.2% |
11.7% |
Percent of all covered and eligible leave-takers** |
11.6% |
18.3% |
(1) Estimate derived from employees who were covered and eligible at time of longest leave.
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-3.6. Establishment Size and Industry Differences in Ratio of FMLA
Leave-Takers:(1) 1995 and 2000 Surveys
Ratio of Employees Taking Leave Under FMLA per 100 Employees |
||
1995 |
2000 |
|
Establishment Size |
||
Up to 250 employees** |
2.4 |
5.5 |
More than 250 employees** |
5.3 |
8.9 |
Industry |
||
Manufacturing** |
4.4 |
9.3 |
Retail** |
2.0 |
5.9 |
Services** |
3.7 |
6.2 |
All other industries** |
3.6 |
6.3 |
All Covered Establishments |
3.6 |
6.5 |
(1) Per 100 employees.
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A1-3.7. Intermittent Use of Longest Leave Taken Under
FMLA:(1) 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Leave-Takers |
Intermittent |
19.1% |
Not intermittent |
80.9% |
(1) Estimate derived from employees who were covered and eligible at time of longest leave.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-3.8. Reasons for Longest Leave Taken Under FMLA:(1)
1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Leave-Takers |
|
1995 |
2000 |
|
Own health |
48.1% |
37.8% |
Maternity-disability |
11.3% |
10.9% |
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or newly placed foster child |
21.2% |
24.4% |
Care for ill child |
-- |
13.5% |
Care for ill spouse |
-- |
-- |
Care for ill parent |
-- |
10.6% |
(1) Estimate derived from employees who were covered and eligible at time of longest leave.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-3.9. Employees Choosing Not to Return to Work After
Taking Longest Leave Under FMLA: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Leave-Takers Under FMLA |
|
1995 |
2000 |
|
Returned to work for the same employer |
97.8% |
98.0% |
Chose not to return after their leave(1) |
-- |
-- |
(1) Estimate derived from employees who were covered and eligible at time of longest leave. Includes employees who went to work for another employer as well as those who chose to not return to work at all.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
CHAPTER 4
TABLES DISPLAYED
IN TEXT
Table A1-4.1. Leave-Taker Worries About Taking Leave: 2000 Survey
Worries About Taking Leave: |
Percent of |
Worried job might be lost |
26.9% |
Worried leave might hurt job advancement |
26.2% |
Worried seniority would be lost |
12.9% |
Worried about not having enough money for bills |
53.8% |
Worried for some other reason |
13.2% |
Note: Percentages do not sum to 100% because respondents could report more than one effect on health.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.2. Ease of Getting Time Off: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Leave-Takers |
|
1995 |
2000 |
|
Very easy** |
65.0% |
59.6% |
Somewhat easy |
16.3% |
18.2% |
Neither easy nor difficult |
6.7% |
8.2% |
Somewhat difficult |
6.7% |
9.2% |
Very difficult |
5.4% |
4.8% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.3. Benefits Lost During Longest Leave:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Percent of Leave-Takers |
||
1995 |
2000 |
|
Health Insurance |
2.9% |
2.0% |
Life insurance |
1.0% |
-- |
Disability insurance |
0.8% |
-- |
Pension contributions |
1.1% |
0.8% |
Other |
5.9% |
5.1% |
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Respondents could report more than one benefit was lost.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.4. Receipt of Pay During Longest Leave:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Percent of Leave-Takers |
||
1995 |
2000 |
|
Received at least some pay during their longest leave |
|
|
Received no pay during longest leave |
33.6% |
34.2% |
Note: The data in this table are based on differently worded questions used in the 1995 and 2000 surveys. In 1995, the question asked was: "Was the leave fully paid, unpaid, or partially paid?" In 2000, the question was: "Did you receive pay for any part of your (longest) leave?"
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.5. Source of Pay During Longest Leave: 2000 Survey
Percent of Leave-Takers Receiving Pay During Longest Leave |
|
Sick leave |
61.4% |
Vacation leave |
39.4% |
Personal leave |
25.7% |
Parental leave |
7.7% |
Temporary disability insurance |
18.0% |
Other benefits |
11.4% |
Number of Leave-Takers Receiving Pay |
15,620,658 |
Note: Percentages do not sum to 100% because respondents could report more than one source of pay.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.6. Full versus Partial Pay Across the Leave Period:
2000 Survey
Percent of Leave-Takers Receiving Pay During Longest Leave |
|
Paid for entire leave period at full pay |
72.2% |
Paid for entire leave period at partial pay |
21.6% |
Paid for part of the leave period at full pay |
2.6% |
Paid for part of the leave period at partial pay |
3.6% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.7. Proportion of Usual Pay Received by Leave-Takers
Receiving Only Partial Pay: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Leave-Takers Receiving Partial Pay During Longest Leave |
Less than half |
31.1% |
About half |
25.0% |
More than half |
43.9% |
Number of Leave-Takers Receiving Partial Pay |
4,401,295 |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.8. How Lost Wages were Covered During Leave:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Percent of Leave-Takers Receiving Less Than Full Pay During Longest Leave |
||
1995 |
2000 |
|
Use savings earmarked for this situation |
43.7% |
47.0% |
Use savings earmarked for something else |
40.6% |
35.6% |
Borrow money |
25.1% |
29.0% |
Go on public assistance |
8.9% |
8.7% |
Limit extras* |
75.4% |
70.1% |
Put off paying bills |
38.7% |
38.5% |
Cut leave time short |
40.3% |
37.0% |
Did something else |
13.0% |
9.7% |
Note: Percentages do not sum to 100% because respondents could report more than one method of covering lost wages.
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.9. Perceived Impact of Pay on Length of Leave: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Leave-Takers Receiving Less Than |
Would have taken leave for a longer period if some/additional pay had been received |
50.9% |
Would not have taken leave for a longer period if some/additional pay had been received |
49.1% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.10. Effects of Using Family and Medical Leave: 2000 Survey
Percent of |
|
Ability to Care for Family Members(1) |
|
Positive effect |
78.7% |
No effect |
21.3% |
Ability to Select a Satisfactory Childcare Provider(2) |
|
Positive effect |
40.4% |
No effect |
59.6% |
Ability to Select a Satisfactory Caretaker for Sick Family Member(3) |
|
Positive effect |
47.9% |
No effect |
52.1% |
Leave-Taker’s or Family Member’s Physical Health |
|
Positive effect |
63.0% |
No effect |
37.0% |
Leave-Taker’s or Family Member’s Emotional Well-Being |
|
Positive effect |
70.1% |
No effect |
29.9% |
(1) Percentages based on persons taking leave to care for newborn, newly adopted or new foster child, or an ill family member (either a child, spouse, or parent).
(2) Percentages based on persons taking leave for a newborn, or a newly adopted or new foster child.
(3) Percentages based on persons taking leave to care for an ill family member (either child, spouse, or parent).
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.11. Positive Outcomes of Effects of Using Family and Medical
Leave: 2000 Survey
Effect on Employee’s or Family |
Percent of Leave-Takers Stating that Leave Had |
Quicker recovery time |
83.7% |
Easier to comply with doctor’s instructions |
93.5% |
Delayed/avoided need to enter nursing home or other long-term care facility |
|
Other effects |
17.0% |
Number of Leave-Takers Stating that Leave had a Positive Effect on Physical Health |
|
Note: Percentages do not sum to 100% because respondents could report more than one effect on health.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.12. Returning to Work after Longest Leave:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Percent of Leave-Takers |
||
1995 |
2000 |
|
Returned to work for the same employer |
93.8% |
94.4% |
Went to work for a new employer* |
3.1% |
1.9% |
Did not return to work at all |
3.0% |
3.8% |
Number of Leave-Takers (1) |
18,288,293 |
21,043,859 |
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
(1) This number excludes leave-takers who were on leave at the time of their
interview (approximately 10 percent of leave-takers in 1995 and 12% in 2000).
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.13. Position Returned to After Longest Leave:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Percent of Leave-Takers Returning to Same Employer |
||
1995 |
2000 |
|
Same or equal position |
96.8% |
97.1% |
Higher position |
1.3% |
1.1% |
Lower position |
1.8% |
1.8% |
Number of Leave-Takers Returning |
17,156,285 |
19,859,091 |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.14. Reasons for Leave-takers’ Return to Work:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Percent of Leave-Takers Returning to Same Employer |
||
1995 |
2000 |
|
No longer needed to be on leave |
74.1% |
77.1% |
Could not afford to take more time off |
46.7% |
50.4% |
Just wanted to get back to work** |
55.3% |
66.1% |
Used up all the leave time allowed** |
21.8% |
33.7% |
Felt pressure by boss/co-workers to return |
22.7% |
24.2% |
Had too much work to do |
32.5% |
30.1% |
Someone else took over care |
NA |
23.6% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
NA Indicates item not asked in 1995 survey.
Note: Percentages do not sum to 100% because respondents could report more than one reason for returning to work.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.15. Leave-Takers Denied Leave: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
Percent of Leave-Takers |
||
1995 |
2000 |
|
Denied leave |
6.6% |
6.2% |
Not denied leave |
93.4% |
93.8% |
Number of Leave-Takers |
20,359,640 |
23,830,305 |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.16. Coverage and Eligibility Among Female and Male Employees with Young
Children: 2000 Survey
Percent of Females |
Percent of Males |
Percent of All Employees with Children |
|
Number of Employees with Young Children |
4,146,171 |
5,524,516 |
9,670,687 |
Employees at FMLA-covered worksites |
74.5% |
75.0% |
74.8% |
Eligible employees at FMLA-covered worksites |
56.3% |
66.7% |
62.2% |
Employees at worksites not covered by FMLA |
25.5% |
25.0% |
25.2% |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.17. Leaves Taken and Needed Among Female and Male Employees with
Young Children: 2000 Survey
Percent of Females** |
Percent of Males |
Percent of All Employees with Children |
|
Percent taking leave (for a covered reason) since January 1, 1999 |
|
|
|
Percent needing, but not taking, leave (for a covered reason) since January 1, 1999 |
|
|
|
Percent not taking or needing leave |
22.0% |
51.1% |
38.6% |
** Difference between males and females is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.18. Reasons for Taking Leave, Across All Leaves Taken, by Females
and Males with Young Children: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Leave-Takers |
||
Percent |
Percent |
Percent |
|
Own health |
20.2% |
20.2% |
20.2% |
Maternity-disability |
42.8% |
& |
23.9% |
Care for a newborn, newly adopted |
|
|
59.7% |
Care for ill child |
-- |
-- |
3.5% |
Care for ill spouse |
& |
-- |
-- |
Care for ill parent |
-- |
-- |
-- |
** Difference between males and females is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
& Indicates that no significance test was conducted because of zero cell.
Note: Percentages sum to more than 100% due to some persons taking more than one leave.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.19. Reasons for Taking Leave, Across All Leaves Taken, Based on Total Population of Female and Male Employees with Young Children: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of All Employees |
||
Percent |
Percent |
Percent |
|
Own health |
15.3% |
9.1% |
11.8% |
Maternity-disability |
32.4% |
& |
13.9% |
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, |
|
|
34.8% |
Care for ill child |
-- |
-- |
2.0% |
Care for ill spouse |
& |
-- |
-- |
Care for ill parent |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
& Indicates that no significance test was conducted because of zero cell.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.20. Employees’ Opinions Toward FMLA: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
1995 |
2000 |
||
Every person should be able to have up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave in a year from work for family and medical problems. |
||||
Agree** |
72.3% |
81.4% |
||
Disagree** |
27.7% |
18.6% |
||
Having to provide employees with up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave in a year for family and medical problems is an unfair burden to employees’ co-workers. |
||||
Agree** |
43.8% |
36.1% |
||
Disagree** |
56.2% |
63.9% |
||
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.21. Co-workers Taking Leave for Family or Medical Reasons:
2000 Survey
Percent of Employees |
|
Co-workers had taken leave for family or medical reasons since January 1, 1999 |
|
Did not have co-workers take leave for family or medical reasons since January 1, 1999 |
|
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.22. Effects of Co-workers Taking Leave on Employees:
2000 Survey
Effect: |
Percent of Employees Having Co-workers Take Leave |
Worked more hours than usual |
32.1% |
Worked a shift not normally worked |
22.9% |
Took on additional duties |
46.2% |
Note: Percentages do not sum to 100% because respondents could report more than one effect.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-4.23. Perceived Impact of Co-workers Taking Leave on Employees:
2000 Survey
Perceived Impact |
Percent of Employees Reporting that |
Employees who felt that co-workers taking leave had a positive impact on them |
17.4% |
Employees who felt that co-workers taking leave had a negative impact on them |
15.1% |
Employees who felt that co-workers taking leave had neither a positive or negative impact on them |
67.4% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
CHAPTER 5
TABLES DISPLAYED
IN TEXT
Table A1-5.1. Family and Medical Leave Policies by FMLA Coverage Status: Reasons
for Which Up to 12 Weeks of Leave is Provided: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Percent of |
Percent of |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition** |
|||
Yes |
91.9% |
66.4% |
69.2% |
No |
2.8% |
21.3% |
19.3% |
Depends on circumstances |
5.3% |
12.2% |
11.5% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons** |
|||
Yes |
94.1% |
65.7% |
68.8% |
No |
3.4% |
23.2% |
21.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
2.5% |
11.1% |
10.1% |
Parents to Care for Newborn** |
|||
Yes |
87.8% |
50.5% |
54.5% |
No |
5.1% |
33.5% |
30.4% |
Depends on circumstances |
7.2% |
16.1% |
15.1% |
Parents for Adoption or Foster |
|||
Yes |
85.7% |
43.5% |
48.1% |
No |
6.6% |
35.9% |
32.7% |
Depends on circumstances |
7.7% |
20.6% |
19.2% |
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent |
|||
Yes |
88.6% |
57.1% |
60.6% |
No |
4.6% |
29.3% |
26.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
6.8% |
13.6% |
12.9% |
All of Above FMLA Reasons** |
|||
Yes |
83.7% |
33.5% |
39.1% |
No or Depends on circumstances |
16.3% |
66.5% |
60.9% |
(1) Order of items was changed in the 2000 survey.
** Difference between covered and non-covered establishments is significant at p<.05.
Notes: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Includes establishments that provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A1-5.2. Family and Medical Leave Policies by FMLA Coverage Status: Continuation of Health Care Benefits: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Percent of |
Percent of |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition |
|||
Yes |
87.0% |
84.0% |
84.5% |
No |
0.8% |
4.4% |
3.8% |
Depends on circumstances |
12.2% |
11.6% |
11.7% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons |
|||
Yes |
91.0% |
89.0% |
89.3% |
No |
-- |
2.4% |
2.1% |
Depends on circumstances |
8.4% |
8.6% |
8.6% |
Parents to Care for Newborn** |
|||
Yes |
89.4% |
78.0% |
80.1% |
No |
1.2% |
7.1% |
6.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
9.4% |
14.9% |
13.9% |
Parents for Adoption or Foster |
|||
Yes |
89.4% |
76.2% |
78.7% |
No |
1.3% |
6.6% |
5.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
9.3% |
17.2% |
15.7% |
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent |
|||
Yes |
85.1% |
81.7% |
82.3% |
No |
1.4% |
4.0% |
3.5% |
Depends on circumstances |
13.5% |
14.4% |
14.2% |
(1) Order of items was changed in the 2000 survey.
** Difference between covered and non-covered establishments is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Notes: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Includes establishments that provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A1-5.3. Family and Medical Leave Policies by FMLA Coverage Status: Reasons
for Which Job Return is Guaranteed: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Percent of |
Percent of |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition |
|||
Yes |
94.1% |
88.5% |
89.2% |
No |
-- |
1.5% |
1.3% |
Depends on circumstances |
5.5% |
10.0% |
9.4% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons* |
|||
Yes |
98.2% |
93.2% |
93.9% |
No |
-- |
1.3% |
1.2% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.6% |
5.5% |
5.0% |
Parents to Care for Newborn |
|||
Yes |
96.7% |
93.8% |
94.2% |
No |
-- |
1.9% |
1.7% |
Depends on circumstances |
2.8% |
4.3% |
4.0% |
Parents for Adoption or Foster |
|||
Yes |
93.8% |
89.7% |
90.3% |
No |
-- |
-- |
1.3% |
Depends on circumstances |
5.6% |
8.9% |
8.4% |
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent |
|||
Yes |
93.4% |
87.7% |
88.5% |
No |
-- |
1.4% |
1.3% |
Depends on circumstances |
5.8% |
10.9% |
10.2% |
(1) Order of items was changed in the 2000 survey.
* Difference between covered and non-covered establishments is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between covered and non-covered establishments is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Notes: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Includes establishments that provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A1-5.4. Provision of Leave Beyond that Guaranteed by FMLA by Coverage Status:
2000 Survey
Percent of |
Percent of |
Percent of |
|
More Than 12 Weeks Per Year |
|||
Yes |
22.9% |
21.1% |
21.4% |
No |
49.6% |
52.7% |
52.3% |
Depends on circumstances |
27.5% |
26.1% |
26.3% |
Employees Who Have Worked for Establishment Less Than 12 Months |
|||
Yes |
28.7% |
28.0% |
28.1% |
No |
43.6% |
45.0% |
44.8% |
Depends on circumstances |
27.7% |
27.0% |
27.1% |
Employees Who Have Worked for Less Than 1,250 Hours in the Past Year |
|||
Yes |
27.0% |
26.8% |
26.8% |
No |
45.9% |
44.9% |
45.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
27.0% |
28.3% |
28.2% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A1-5.5. Continuation of Pay During Leave by FMLA Coverage Status: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
Percent of |
Paid Sick Leave |
|||
Yes |
74.3% |
62.7% |
63.9% |
No |
17.9% |
26.7% |
25.7% |
Depends on circumstances |
7.9% |
10.7% |
10.3% |
Paid Disability Leave** |
|||
Yes |
62.7% |
39.4% |
42.0% |
No |
24.6% |
48.3% |
45.7% |
Depends on circumstances |
12.7% |
12.3% |
12.3% |
Paid Vacation** |
|||
Yes |
94.7% |
80.1% |
81.7% |
No |
0.9% |
13.1% |
11.8% |
Depends on circumstances |
4.4% |
6.8% |
6.5% |
Other Paid Time Off** |
|||
Yes |
43.3% |
18.5% |
21.2% |
No |
54.8% |
78.4% |
75.8% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.9% |
3.1% |
2.9% |
** Difference between covered and non-covered establishments is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A1-5.6. Continuation of Pay During Leave by FMLA Coverage Status: Reasons for Which Pay is Continued: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
Percent of |
Parents to Care for Newborn |
|||
Full pay |
17.3% |
24.9% |
24.0% |
Partial pay |
6.0% |
7.2% |
7.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
22.7% |
17.6% |
18.2% |
No Pay |
54.1% |
50.4% |
50.8% |
Parents for Adoption or Foster Care Placement |
|||
Full pay |
16.5% |
20.1% |
19.8% |
Partial pay |
2.7% |
3.5% |
3.5% |
Depends on circumstances |
20.5% |
19.8% |
19.9% |
No Pay |
60.3% |
56.5% |
56.9% |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition* |
|||
Full pay |
32.9% |
39.3% |
38.6% |
Partial pay |
17.0% |
6.5% |
7.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
20.3% |
19.8% |
19.8% |
No Pay |
29.8% |
34.5% |
33.9% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons* |
|||
Full pay |
30.7% |
34.9% |
34.4% |
Partial pay |
18.1% |
6.3% |
7.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
16.3% |
15.2% |
15.4% |
No Pay |
35.0% |
43.6% |
42.7% |
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent for Serious Health Condition* |
|||
Full pay |
15.9% |
27.8% |
26.5% |
Partial pay |
3.6% |
5.5% |
5.3% |
Depends on circumstances |
21.1% |
23.2% |
23.0% |
No Pay |
59.4% |
43.5% |
45.3% |
* Difference between covered and non-covered establishments is significant at p<.10.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
CHAPTER 6
TABLES DISPLAYED
IN TEXT
Table A1-6.1. Covered Establishments’ Sources of Information About FMLA:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Percent of Covered Establishments |
||
1995 |
2000 |
|
U.S. Department of Labor** |
53.9% |
83.1% |
The media |
66.4% |
54.2% |
A trade or business group |
70.3% |
68.3% |
An attorney or consultant** |
57.0% |
77.9% |
A union |
3.0% |
3.2% |
Employees |
3.3% |
10.0% |
The Internet |
NA |
48.8% |
Existing company policies or practices |
NA |
89.4% |
Some other source |
20.5% |
12.4% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
NA - Indicates item not asked in 1995 survey.
Notes: Percents do not total to 100% because a respondent could answer "yes" to more than one source.
1995 survey asked about initial sources of information on the FMLA.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A1-6.2. How Employees First Learned About the Family and Medical Leave Act: 2000 Survey
Percent of Employees Aware |
|
Media (TV, newspapers, etc.) |
42.5% |
Co-workers |
5.0% |
Employer gave out information |
38.4% |
Posters |
3.6% |
Internet |
-- |
Family member |
2.7% |
Union gave out information |
1.4% |
Other way |
6.3% |
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A1-6.3. Methods Used to Cover Work When an Employee Takes Leave for a
Week or Longer: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
Percent of Covered Establishments |
||
|
1995 |
2000 |
Assigning work temporarily to other employees |
97.1% |
98.3% |
Hiring an outside temporary replacement** |
60.5% |
41.3% |
Hiring a permanent replacement* |
11.8% |
4.4% |
Putting work on hold until the employee returns from leave |
19.2% |
15.5% |
Having the employee perform some work while on leave |
13.9% |
9.0% |
Some other method |
1.9% |
10.6% |
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
Note: Percents do not total to 100% because a respondent could answer "yes" to more than one source.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A1-6.4. Effects of FMLA-Related Administrative Activities:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Percent of Covered Establishments |
||
1995 |
2000 |
|
Maintaining Additional Record-Keeping |
||
Very/Somewhat easy |
76.0%* |
62.0% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
24.0%* |
38.0% |
Determining Whether the Act Applies to the Organization |
||
Very/Somewhat easy |
91.8% |
86.0% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
8.2% |
14.0% |
Determining Whether Certain Employees are Eligible |
||
Very/Somewhat easy |
92.0%** |
83.4% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
8.0%** |
16.6% |
Coordinating State and Federal Leave Policies |
||
Very/Somewhat easy |
81.1%** |
57.1% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
18.9%** |
42.9% |
Coordinating the Act with Other Federal Laws |
||
Very/Somewhat easy |
74.3%** |
47.2% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
25.7%** |
52.8% |
Coordinating the Act with Other Leave Policies(1) |
||
Very/Somewhat easy |
78.9%** |
59.9% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
21.1%** |
40.1% |
Coordinating the Act with Employee Attendance Policies |
||
Very/Somewhat easy |
NA |
65.5% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
NA |
34.5% |
Administering FMLA’s Notification, Designation, |
||
Very/Somewhat easy |
NA |
45.6% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
NA |
54.4% |
Determining if a Health Condition is a Serious |
||
Very/Somewhat easy |
NA |
57.7% |
ery/Somewhat difficult |
NA |
42.3% |
Overall Ease of Complying with FMLA |
||
Very/Somewhat easy |
85.1%** |
63.6% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
14.9%** |
36.4% |
(1) In the 1995 survey, item wording was "pre-existing" rather than "other."
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
NA Indicates item not asked in 1995 survey.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A1-6.5. Effects of Complying with FMLA on Business and Employee Performance: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
Percent of Covered Establishments |
||
1995 |
2000 |
|
Business Performance |
||
Productivity |
||
Positive effect |
6.4% |
7.1% |
Negative effect |
7.2% |
16.3% |
No noticeable effect |
86.4% |
76.5% |
Profitability |
||
Positive effect |
1.2%* |
2.6% |
Negative effect |
6.3% |
9.8% |
No noticeable effect |
92.5%* |
87.6% |
Growth |
||
Positive effect |
1.1% |
2.6% |
Negative effect |
3.1% |
9.7% |
No noticeable effect |
95.8% |
87.7% |
Employee Performance |
||
Productivity |
||
Positive effect |
12.6% |
15.8% |
Negative effect |
4.7%* |
17.2% |
No noticeable effect |
82.7%* |
67.0% |
Absences |
||
Positive effect |
5.9% |
4.8% |
Negative effect |
4.6%** |
18.9% |
No noticeable effect |
89.5%* |
76.3% |
Turnover |
||
Positive effect |
4.9% |
5.7% |
Negative effect |
-- |
8.4% |
No noticeable effect |
94.7% |
85.9% |
Career Advancement |
||
Positive effect |
8.3% |
3.9% |
Negative effect |
-- |
-- |
No noticeable effect |
91.0% |
95.6% |
Morale |
||
Positive effect |
NA |
24.2% |
Negative effect |
NA |
11.1% |
No noticeable effect |
NA |
64.7% |
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
NA Indicates item not asked in 1995 survey.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
 |
 |