|
federal
register |
Friday October 3, 1980 |
|
Part VIII Department of Labor |
|
|
Office of Federal Contract
Compliance Programs |
|
|
Construction Contractors, Affirmative Action Requirements; Construction Industry, Goals for Minority Participation |
|
Federal Register
/ Vol.45 No. 194 / Friday, October 3, 1980 / Rules and Regulations 65976 |
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
41 CFR Part 60‑4
Construction Contractors, Affirmative Action Requirements
AGENCY: Office of Federal Contract
Compliance Programs, Labor.
ACTION: Final rule.
SUMMARY. The regulations published
today clarify the existing requirement in 41 CFR 60‑4.1 that a nonexempt
construction contractor's total construction workforce is covered under 41 CFR
Part 60‑4 even though some of the contractor's employees perform work on
non‑Federal or nonfederally assisted construction contracts
or subcontracts and even though such
nonfederally related work may occur in geographical areas where the contractor
does not currently have work on Federal or federally assisted construction
projects.
EFFECTIVE DATE: These
regulations shall take effect
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James Cisco, Acting Director, Division of Program Policy,
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Room C‑3324, U.S.
Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington. D.C. 20210,
Telephone (202) 523‑9426.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On September 7,1979, the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
(OFCCP), U.S. Department of Labor, published for comment in the Federal
Register (44 FR 52283) a proposal to clarify 41 CFR Part 60‑4,
regulations for the construction industry, pursuant to Executive Order 11246,
as amended. (30 FR 12319, 32 FR 14303, 43 FR 14888.) Also published for comment
was a proposed Notice and Appendix to establish goals for minority employment
for each SMSA and EA (44 FR 52348). That Notice and Appendix are published in
final form today elsewhere in the Federal Register. Comments were received until
One hundred fifty‑four
written comments were submitted by individuals and groups during the comment
period. The comments were directed either to the proposed clarification, the proposed minority
employment goals or to both proposals. Each submission has been thoroughly
reviewed, and each criticism and each suggestion has been given careful
consideration. Additional comments received and postmarked after
Summary of Comments
1. Several contractors and contractor associations objected to coverage of nonfederally involved construction projects. Contractors and their associations contended that the clarifying proposal is in reality a major change in the regulations. They contended further that such coverage would be inflationary, would place them in a poor competitive position with respect to companies without Federal contracts, would make companies reluctant to bid on Federal contracts in the future, and would be an intrusion in private sector affairs.
2. Contractor associations contended that there will be additional and burdensome reporting requirements associated with monitoring activity on private sector projects.
3.
Both contractors and individuals
recognized the industry's legal obligations to take affirmative action., but
objected to the $10,000 jurisdictional amount for goals coverage; some
suggested instead that the jurisdictional amount be raised to $50,000 or
$100,000.
4.
Contractor associations
contended that the net result of implementing section 7q and nationwide goals
will be a decrease in the number of minority employees, and in some instances
"reverse discrimination" as contractors attempt to meet specific
goals.
5.
One comment proposed that
the regulation apply to private sector projects only after a Federal award has
been made, i.e. prospectively, and then only to private projects in areas where
a contractor has Federal or federally assisted construction.
6.
Several public interest
groups, advocacy groups, and Government agencies praised the proposal. However
they expressed concern about OFCCP's ability to monitor compliance adequately
on private sector projects, and called for the establishment of improved
employee reporting mechanisms.
Discussion
Some
comments suggested that the application of Executive Order affirmative action
requirements to nonfederally related construction projects is a new requirement.
More specifically, they asserted that paragraph 7q constitutes a substantive
change in the regulations rather than a clarification of existing requirements
as stated in the
The
relevant regulation is 41 CFR 60-4.1, which was promulgated as a final rule on
This part applies to all contractors and subcontractors which
hold any Federal or federally assisted construction contract in excess of
$10,000. The regulations in this part are applicable to all of a construction
contractor's or subcontractor's construction employees who are engaged in
onsite construction including those
construction employees who work on a nonfederally funded or nonfederally
assisted construction site * * * (Emphasis added.)
Nothing
in the language proposed as paragraph 7q would alter, by extension or
otherwise, that basic obligation. Further, the Department of Labor's nationwide
goals for female participation in the construction industry have, since their
effective date (May 8, 1978), been applicable to a 'non‑exempt
contractor's total onsite construction workforce throughout the United States
-regardless of whether the total workforce is employed on a federally related
or non‑federally related project (and regardless of whether there were
specific goals in existence for minorities (43 FR 14899)). The regulation is
consistent with the general approach under Executive Order 11246 regulations
that a contractor's acceptance of a single covered contract makes all of that
contractor's workforce and facilities covered unless otherwise specifically
exempt. See, for example, 41 CFR Part 60‑2 (Revised Order 4) under which
each nonconstruction contractor subject to Revised Order 4 must comply with the
written affirmative action program
requirements at each of its establishments.
This
same approach has been applicable to the construction industry since 1971. The
Philadelphia Plan, for example, initially was limited to federally involved
construction projects. Contractors at the time of a compliance review would
shift their minority workers from private sites to federally involved projects.
This practice was referred to as "bicycling." The Philadelphia Plan
was amended in 1971 to cover the contractor and therefore covered both
federally related and private projects. (See Nash, Affirmative Action Under
Executive Order 11246, 46 N.Y.U.L Rev. 225, 240 (1971).)
The
proposal then did not propose to establish new requirements; rather it was
designed to eliminate confusion surrounding the phrase "covered area"
as that phrase is used in 41 CFR Part 60‑4 in referring to the various
geographical units where goals have been established. Questions were raised,
for example, as to whether a contractor which is awarded a federally involved
construction contract in SMSA X should apply the goals established for SMSA X
to its non‑Federal work in SMSA Y or the goals established for SMSA Y to
that non‑Federal work in SMSA Y.
Paragraph 7q merely was intended to explain that construction
contractors and subcontractors were to apply the goals of the SMSA or EA where
the contract was actually being performed. The proposed amendment to 41 CFR 60‑4.6
was intended to achieve the same purpose. The proposal, as has been stated
herein, would achieve the clarification in part by adding a new paragraph q to
clause 7 of the Standard Federal Equal Employment Opportunity Construction
Contract specifications. Upon reflection, however, paragraph 4 of the
specifications appears to be a more appropriate point to add the amendment.
Accordingly, paragraph 4 of the specifications has been amended rather than to
add a paragraph q to paragraph 7.
The
September 7, 1979, Federal Register
notice did not propose an amendment to 41 CFR 60‑4.2. However, paragraph
2 of the "Notice of Requirement for Affirmative Action to Ensure Equal
Employment Opportunity (Executive Order 11246)" (which follows 41 CFR 60‑4.2(d))
also may need clarification on the same point. Accordingly, paragraph 2 of the
Notice has been amended to make it clear that a covered construction contractor
is subject to the goals applicable to the geographical location where the
construction work is being performed and that all its projects, whether or not
they are federally involved, are covered by the goal requirement.
The other comments
which were received on the proposal and which have been summarized above simply are not on point. Each comment, as indicated above, however,
has been considered. In addition those comments also have been treated in the
Notice and Appendix regarding minority goals which are published elsewhere in
the Federal Register today.
It has
been determined that this document does not contain a major proposal requiring
the preparation of a regulatory analysis under Executive Order 12044 (43 FR 12661)
or under the Department's guidelines implementing Executive Order 12044.
This
document was prepared under the direction and control of Weldon Rougeau,
Director, Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs.
Accordingly,
41 CFR Part 60-4 is amended as set forth below:
Dated:
Ray Marshall,
Secretary of Labor.
John N. Gentry,
Under Secretary.
Donald Elisburg,
Assistant Secretary Employment Standards Administration.
Weldon 1. Rougeau,
Director. Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs.
(Secs. 201, 202, 205, 211, 301,
302, and 303 of E.O. 11246, as amended. 30 FR 12319; 32 FR
14303; 43 FR 46501)
1. 41 CFR 60-4.2(d) is amended
by revising paragraph 2 of the "Notice of Requirement for Affirmative
Action to Ensure Equal Employment Opportunity (Executive Order 11246)," to
read as follows:
§60‑4.2 Solicitations.
* * * *
(d) The following notice shall
be included in and shall be a part of, all solicitations for offers and bids on
all Federal and federally assisted construction contracts or subcontracts in
excess of $10,000 to be performed in geographical areas designated by the
Director pursuant to § 60-4.6 of this part (see 41 CFR 60-4.2(a)):
Notice of Requirement for Affirmative Action To Ensure Equal
Employment
(Executive Order 11246)
1. The Offeror's or Bidder's attention is called to the
"Equal Opportunity Clause" and the "Standard Federal Equal
Employment Specifications" set forth herein.
2. The
goals and timetables for minority and female participation, expressed in
percentage terms for the Contractor's aggregate workforce in each trade on all
construction work in the covered areas are as follows:
Goals
for minority Goals for female
Timetables participation
for participation in each
each
trade trade
___________________________________________________________________
Insert
goals for Insert goals for
each year. each year.
___________________________________________________________________
These goals are applicable to all the Contractor's construction
work (whether or not it is Federal or federally assisted) performed in the
covered area. If the contractor performs
construction work in a geographical area located outside of the covered area,
it shall apply the goals established for such geographical area where the work
is actually performed. With regard to this second area, the contractor also is
subject to the goals for both its federally involved and nonfederally involved
construction.
The Contractor's compliance with the Executive Order and the
regulations in 41 CFR Part 60-4 shall be based on its implementation of the
Equal Opportunity Clause, specific affirmative action obligations required by
the specifications set forth in 41 CFR 60-4.3(a), and its efforts to meet the
goals. The hours of minority and female
employment and training must be substantially uniform throughout the length of
the contract, and in each trade and the contractor shall make a good faith
effort to employ minorities and women evenly on each of its projects. The transfer of minority or female employees
or trainees from Contractor to Contractor or from project to project for the
sole purpose of meeting the Contractor's goals shall be a violation of the
contract, the Executive Order, and the regulations in 41 CFR Part 60-4. Compliance with the goals will be measured
against the total work hours performed.
3. The Contractor shall provide written notification to the
Director of the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs within 10
working days of award of any construction subcontract in excess of $10,000 at
any tier for construction work under the contract resulting from this
solicitation. The notification shall
list the name, address and telephone number of the subcontractor; employer
identification number of the subcontractor; estimated dollar amount of the
subcontract; estimated starting and completion dates of the subcontract; and
the geographical area in which the subcontract is to be performed.
4. As used in this Notice, and in the contract resulting from this
solicitation, the "covered area" is (insert description of the
geographical areas where the contract is to be performed giving the state,
county and city, if any).
2. 41
CFR 60-4.3(a) is amended by revising paragraph 4 of the Standard Federal Equal
Employment Opportunity Construction Contract Specifications (Executive Order
11246) to read as follows:
§ 60-4.3 Equal opportunity clauses.
(a) * * *
Standard Federal Equal Employment
* * *
4. The
contractor shall implement the specific affirmative action standards provided
in paragraphs 7 a through p of these specifications. The goals set forth in the
solicitation from which this contract resulted are expressed as percentages of
the total hours of employment and training of minority and female utilization
the Contractor should reasonably be able to achieve in each construction trade
in which it has employees in the covered area.
Covered Construction contractors performing construction work in
geographical areas where they do not have a Federal or federally assisted
construction contract shall apply the minority and female goals established for
the geographical area where the work is being performed. Goals are published
periodically in the Federal Register in notice form and such notices may be
obtained from any Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs office or from
Federal procurement contracting officers.
The Contractor is expected to make substantially uniform progress in meeting
its goals in each craft during the period specified.
3. 41 CFR 60-4.6 is amended to read as follows:
§ 60-4.6 Goals and timetables.
The Director, from time to time,
shall issue goals and timetables for minority and female utilization which
shall be based on appropriate workforce demographic or other relevant data and
which shall cover construction projects or construction contracts performed in
specific geographical areas. The goals,
which shall be applicable to each construction trade in a covered contractor's
or subcontractor's entire workforce which is working in the area covered by the
goals and timetables, shall be published as notices in the Federal Register,
and shall be inserted by the contracting officers and applicants, as
applicable, in the Notice required by 41 CFR 60-4.2. Covered construction
contractors performing construction work in geographical areas where they do
not have a Federal or federally assisted construction contract shall apply the
minority and female goals established for the geographical area where the work
is being performed.
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
Goals for Minority Participation In the Construction Industry
On
This final Notice and the
Appendix B-80 attached hereto, supersede Appendix B of the Notice issued on
April 7, 1978, (43 FR 14899) and corrected on May 5, 1978, (43 FR 19473) and
Appendix B‑1 of the Notice issued on March 20, 1979, (44 FR 17116) which
established goals under Executive Order 11246 for minorities working on
construction projects located in certain areas. This Notice is issued pursuant
to 41 CFR 60‑4.6 and establishes goals under Executive Order 11246, as
amended (30 FR 12319, 32 FR 14303 and 43 FR 46501), for minorities in the
construction industry.
Background
Executive Order 11246, as amended, prohibits nonexempt Federal and federally assisted construction contractors and subcontractors from discriminating against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. In addition, such contractors and subcontractors are required to take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Section 201 of the Order provides that the Secretary of Labor shall adopt rules, regulations and orders as he deems necessary and appropriate to achieve the purposes of the Order.
Service and supply contractors (i.e.,
nonconstruction contractors) with at least 50 employees and a contract of at
least $50,000 are required to develop and implement written affirmative action
programs (see 41 CFR Part 60‑2). These affirmative action programs, among other things, are required to contain
separate goals and timetables for minorities and women. The
goals reflect the difference between such contractors' rate of utilization of
minority and female employees and the availability of those groups in the
relevant labor area. Service and supply contractors for a number of years now
have been under an obligation to implement the Executive Order's affirmative
action requirement in this manner.
A different approach was
developed with regard to construction contractors. Unlike service and supply
contractors, construction contractors normally have not been required to
develop, on an individual basis, written affirmative action programs. Rather,
for the construction industry, written affirmative action programs have been
developed by the local construction industry itself, subject to approval by the
Department of Labor, or the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
would develop the affirmative action programs for various geographical
areas. These programs did contain
affirmative action goals. Nonexempt construction
contractors working in those geographical areas would then be required to
comply with the affirmative action programs. This requirement or obligation was
imposed by incorporating the written area- wide affirmative action program into
the contractor's contract.
All construction contractors
traditionally were required to comply with the Executive Order's Equal
Opportunity clause, published at 41 CFR 60‑1.4(a) and (b), which mandates
nondiscrimination and affirmative action. (See Executive Order 11246, § 202 and
§ 301.) Not all construction contractors were subject to goals and timetables,
however, because these area‑wide programs were not developed for each
geographical area where construction was taking place.
This difference in treatment between
construction industry contractors and service and supply contractors resulted
because of the limitations of the three basic types of affirmative action
programs which the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP)
designed for the construction industry. The three basic types of affirmative
action programs developed for the construction industry were (1) Imposed Plans,
(2) Hometown Plans and (3) Special Bid Conditions. One of the basic limitations
of these types of plans or affirmative action programs was that they were
limited to a specific geographical area or, in the case of Special Bid Conditions, limited to specific construction
projects. Accordingly, neither type of
affirmative action program provided for a nationwide system of defined
affirmative action goals. We turn now to a brief description and analysis of
each of these types of plans.
Imposed Plans for the most part
were implemented in major metropolitan areas where there was substantial
Federal or federally assisted construction, and applied only to those projects
which were valued in excess of $500,000.
These areas included at one time or another
Hometown Plans were tripartite
agreements among the contractors and the unions in an area and the local
minority community. The three groups would develop a plan for compliance with
the Executive Order and present it to the OFCCP for approval. If the OFCCP
approved the plan, it constituted the contractors' obligations under the
Executive Order and so long as they complied with the plan they also were in
compliance with the Order. Presently, there are 27 approved Hometown Plans in
operation.
Special Bid Conditions were
developed to impose affirmative action obligations on construction contractors
which were working on certain high impact projects which were being constructed
in an area which was not covered, as a general rule, by a Hometown or Imposed
Plan.
These
three types of affirmative action plans were not implemented through a
regulatory scheme applicable to the construction industry on a nationwide
basis. Rather they were included in the solicitations which precede the award
of contracts. One of the shortcomings of these approaches was that substantial
federally involved construction was being conducted outside of the small number
of geographical areas which had either an Imposed or Hometown Plan, and such
construction therefore took place without benefit of specific affirmative
action requirements. Also, contracting officers were confused by the different
types of affirmative action plans and sometimes did not know which ones covered
specific geographical areas or projects.
In addition, some contracting agencies, perhaps because of the
confusion, did not adhere to the different notices and formats developed by
OFCCP. As a consequence, construction
contracts frequently were awarded which did not contain the notice indicating
that they were subject to the Executive Order even though the contracts were
subject to the Executive Order and were to be performed in an area which had
either an Imposed or Hometown Plan. The Imposed Plans presented a special
problem because a number of contractors sometimes failed to sign the
certification which appeared in the appendix in Imposed Plans. Failure to sign
the certification frequently was unrelated to the contractors' commitment to
the affirmative action requirements. However, the certification was held to be
a material part of the bid and those bids which did not contain a signed
certification were rejected as nonresponsive. A number of these rejected bids
were low bids, and the result was to increase the cost of construction to the
Government.
Another deficiency in the old
programs was that no specific affirmative action standards were applicable to
women in the construction industry.
Under the old procedures,
compliance agencies developed Special Bid Conditions for high impact projects
for which they had compliance responsibility. OFCCP approved the Special Bid
Conditions, but the Bid Conditions were applicable only to the project for
which they were approved. Accordingly, if a compliance agency failed to develop
Special Bid Conditions for a project for which it had compliance
responsibility, the project was not covered by an affirmative action plan(i.e.,
if the project was not otherwise in an area covered by a Hometown or an Imposed
Plan). This would be true even though another project in the same labor market
area may have been covered by Special Bid Conditions developed by another
compliance agency. The Special Bid Conditions did apply, however, to a covered
contractor's entire workforce working in the labor market area where the
covered project was located although some employees may not have worked on the
project.
To correct the deficiencies and limitations of
the different types of affirmative action programs for construction
contractors. the Department of Labor on
In lieu of these procedures, the
A key element of that regulation
is 41 CFR 60-4.6. With regard to this section of the regulations, the preamble
to the
This section requires the
Director of OFCCP to issue goals and timetables for minority and female
utilization which shall be based on appropriate workforce demographic or other
relevant data. The goals shall cover
specific construction projects or construction contracts performed in specific
geographical areas. * * * It is anticipated that within the very near future
OFCCP will propose standards and goals for minority utilization pursuant to 41
CFR 60‑4.6 of the regulations published today. Until those goals are
published in final form, the goals and timetables applicable under existing
OFCCP requirements will continue to be effective.
* * * *
Section 201 of Executive Order
11246, as amended, mandates the Secretary of Labor to adopt such rules and
regulations and issue such orders as he deems necessary and appropriate to
achieve the purposes * * * of the Executive Order. Section 202 of the Executive
Order requires every nonexempt Federal contractor or subcontractor, including
Federal and federally assisted construction contractors and subcontractors (see
J 301 of the Order), to take affirmative action.
"The Department of Labor's experience with
affirmative action has demonstrated that goals and timetables are the most
concrete and effective system for implementing the affirmative action
obligation contained in the Executive Order. Since goals and timetables were
implemented as an affirmative action requirement, all Federal contractors and subcontractors. except construction
contractors have been required to establish goals and timetables for
women. Construction contractors, on the
other hand, have been required to establish goals for minority workers, and
then, only if the construction contract was being performed in a geographical
area covered by a Hometown Plan or an Imposed Plan or if the contract was
awarded subject to Special Bid Conditions. * * * Unlike nonconstruction
contractors, who were and are required to develop detailed affirmative action
programs (which include goals and timetables for
women and minorities), the only
implemented affirmative action obligation imposed on construction contractors
had been the goals and timetables established in the Hometown Plans, Imposed
Plans, or Special Bid Conditions.
Nevertheless, all Government contractors and subcontractors, including
construction contractors and subcontractors, agree in every contract to ***
"take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that
employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, color,
religion. sex or national origin." (Section 202. cl. 1. Executive Order
11246, as amended.)
* * * *
A number of methods and
procedures for establishing goals and timetables for the construction industry
have been considered and the OFCCP has concluded that this Notice form is the
most reasonable and efficient way to inform construction contractors of their
obligations and to protect workers under the Executive Order. First, the Hometown Plan concept contemplates
that contractors, unions, and the local community voluntarily will agree to an
affirmative action plan, submit it to the OFCCP for approval and, if approved,
compliance with the plan will constitute compliance with the Executive Order.
This process is time consuming and does not always guarantee agreement. Indeed, under this process only 62 Hometown
Plans have been developed and approved and only 33 presently exist. These plans
cover only a small fraction of the cities in the country and only a small
portion of Federal and federally assisted construction. Similarly the imposed
Plans require long and drawn out proceedings before they are implemented. These
proceedings include public hearings in each area where the plan is imposed and
subsequent publication in the Federal Register and codification in the Code of
Federal Regulations. Moreover, the hearing process did not always produce
reliable data upon which reasonable goals could be based thereby making it
necessary for the OFCCP to develop the goals using Census Bureau prepared data.
Through this process, seven plans have been imposed.
In
order to cover some of the major Federal and federally assisted construction
contracts being performed outside of Hometown and Imposed Plan areas, Special
Bid Conditions were designed. Under this concept the compliance agencies establish
goals and timetables for construction contracts for which they have compliance
responsibility and submit the Special Bid Conditions to the OFCCP for approval
prior to the time the bids or offers were solicited. Special Bid Conditions unlike Hometown and Imposed Plans,
however, are limited to the projects for which they were designed. Accordingly, two projects being in close
proximity would require separate Bid Conditions if the projects involved were
assigned to different agencies for compliance purposes, or no Bid Conditions at
all if the compliance agency did not act prior to the solicitation.
The three affirmative action
methods previously used do not allow for an efficient system which provides a
fair degree of protection for construction employees. The notice system, on the other hand, allows
for the use of the best data available, which was not always forthcoming in
hearings, and an efficient and prompt implementation of the goals which result
from that data.
* * * *
It was against this background
that the Department of Labor published a notice in the Federal Register (44 FR 52348) an September 7, 1979, proposing to
establish numerical goals for minority utilization in the construction industry
pursuant to Section 202 of Executive Order 11246 and 41 CFR 60-4.6. In proposing the goals, the Department of
Labor had several concerns. First, there
was concern that standards, methodologies and procedures should be established
which are not confusing to contracting agencies and procurement contracting
officers at both the Federal and State and local government levels (in the case
of federally assisted construction). In
this connection, it was important that once such standards and methodologies
are developed that they conveniently lend themselves to utilization by
procurement contracting officers.
Second, it also was important
that all covered construction be subject to the numerical goal
requirements. In this connection, the
Department of Labor was concerned that a system as uniform as possible be
established so that all covered contractors are treated equally and that one
does not enjoy advantages over others in competing for federally involved
construction contracts.
Finally, the Department was
concerned that numerical goals be based on a rational, reliable, valid and
uniform information base. Accordingly,
the Department of Labor proposed to use Census Bureau prepared data and
selected the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) as the standard
geographical unit for establishing goals. Where there was no SMSA, the Economic
Area (EA) was selected as the standard geographical unit. The numerical goal
itself was the minority percentage in the experienced civilian labor force of
the SMSA or the EA, whichever is applicable in a given area. Thus, a contractor performing a nonexempt
construction contract in an SMSA with a 20 percent minority labor force would
have a minority goal of 20 percent for each craft and trade employed by the
contractor in the SMSA, and would be required to take every good faith step to
ensure that 20 percent of its work hours were performed by minority workers.
One hundred fifty-four written
comments were received by the Department of Labor during the comment
period. The comments were directed both
to the proposed notice regarding minority goals and to the proposed
clarification of 41 CFR Part 60-4, published for comment on the same date (44
FR 52283). Each of the comments has been thoroughly reviewed and considered
including comments which were received after the closing date. In addition, we
have analyzed and given careful consideration to comments received by the Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) pursuant to its October 5, 1979 (44 FR
57491), request for public comment on whether the proposed minority goals should
be aggregated or disaggregated by individual minority subgroup. The comments
received after the closing date and by EEOC are in addition to the 154 comments
mentioned above.
Summary of Comments
1. A number of the contractor
associations objected to the Economic Area (EA) and Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Area (SMSA) as the basic geographical units on which goals are to
be established. The associations
expressed the view that their contractor members' respective EAs bore neither
geographical nor economic relationships to SMSAs. Further, a significant number of associations
contended that the commuting patterns in their members' localities were inverse
to the models determined by the Bureau of the Census, i.e., the associations
asserted that workers travel from EAs to SMSAs for employment opportunities,
not from SMSAs (cities) to EAs (rural areas); and that minorities resist
traveling to work sites in the large geographical units covered by the EAs from
urban centers where they reside. As
such, they argued that minority availability will not be sufficient to meet the
proposed goals.
2. A number of comments objected to the use of
1970 Census data to determine goal levels. Contractors and contractor
associations stressed the need for data that are localized and based on
requisite skills of workers. State, Federal and local government officials
("Government") and minority advocate groups contended that 1970 Census data are outmoded. Although
these latter groups supported the suggestion
that current, local data be utilized, or that 1980 data, when available, be
used to set minority goals, they cited different reasons for their conclusions.
Some comments also asserted that the 1970
Census data undercounted minorities, and that the resultant goals should,
therefore, be higher than those proposed by OFCCP.
3. Government officials and
advocacy groups also expressed concern for what they perceived to be a
lessening of employment opportunities for minorities in the construction
industry. These comments identified
specific major cities where the proposed goals would be lower than existing
Hometown Plan goals or locally legislated goals or the OFCCP's interim minority
goals published at 43 FR 14888. Some
comments suggested, and in some instances advocated, adoption of a three-goal
concept (central city goal, SMSA goal, and EA goal). Other comments suggested that some form of
"targeting" of critical areas would be preferable in order to
maintain or increase minority gains in urban areas.
4. Other comments, primarily
from contractors, objected to the use of the 64 single goals for all
crafts" concept. They contended that a single goal is unrealistic and
ignores variations in skill levels and the actual availability of skilled
workers.
As indicated above, on
The comments received by EEOC
supporting aggregation may be summarized as follows:
1. Because the construction
industry's workforce is not stable due to the fact that "most of the workers
are employed for a short duration, and only in specialized skills,"
separate goals would increase the administrative burdens involved in monitoring
and reporting minority hiring and would raise construction costs. Some comments
suggested that the paperwork involved would have its greatest impact on small
contractors to whom it may be prohibitively expensive.
2.
Where total or individual minority group populations are very small, it would
be difficult to meet percentage goals. Furthermore, where the total onsite
construction workforce is small, goals of less than one percent would be
impossible to comply with; nevertheless, contractors would be cited for
underutilization. In such instances,
goals of less than one percent should be set for all minorities or for
particular minorities.
3. Individual minority group
goals would require contractors to overlook qualified members of one minority
group to hire members from another minority group in order to meet specific
goals. One comment described a hypothetical newspaper advertisement seeking
members for specific jobs: "Note, blacks need not apply, we have met our
goals." Another comment noted "Substantial expense, wasted effort,
and loss in productivity results from having to pass over presently available
minorities possessing requisite skills simply to satisfy the goal for another
minority group."
4. Contractors would have to
incur the additional expense of recruiting and training members of specific
minority groups in order to meet individual minority group goals.
5. Separate minority group goals
would lead to divisiveness among the various minority groups. i.e., to the
extent that a particular group believed its goal to be too low, any increases
would be perceived as coming at the expense of another group in order that the
overall minority goal remain equal to the minority percentage of the
experienced civilian labor force. In this regard, some comments stated that
only some minority groups would gain leaving others at a significant
disadvantage.
The comments received by EEOC
opposing aggregation may be summarized as follows;
1. Reporting minority hiring on
an aggregate basis can give the appearance of full minority utilization when in
fact some minority groups are being totally excluded or seriously underutilized.
As a result, a particular minority group might have a disproportionately
greater share of job opportunities relative to other minority groups, and the
problems of smaller minority groups might be masked by a full utilization
figure. In contrast, disaggregation
would yield a more accurate data base for the identification of
underutilization.
2. Contractors could freely
engage in discriminatory practices targeted against particular minority groups
and thereby favor or exclude members of a particular minority group and still
meet the single minority goal. Disaggregation of goals would effectively reduce
contractor opportunities to exercise discriminatory preferences.
In the discussion section below,
we will take up the issues raised in these comments.
Discussion
1. Some contractor associations
objected to the use of SMSAs and EAs as the basic geographical units for
establishing goals. As indicated above, the Executive Order mandates that the
Department of Labor promulgate regulations to implement the affirmative action
requirement of the Order. Numerical employment goals have proven to be an
effective method of achieving equal employment opportunity. Previous
affirmative action requirements adopted by OFCCP for the purpose of placing
employment goals on construction contractors left most construction work
uncovered because the plans did not lend themselves to widespread use (see
discussion of this point above). Moreover, the public hearings and other
procedures utilized for the purpose of giving the public an opportunity to
provide input did not always produce reliable data on which goals could be
based. Consequently, additional research
was required to produce the data on which such goals could be based.
The Department, in attempting to
improve equal employment opportunity in the construction industry through
employment goals, has used a number of different geographical units as the base
on which the goals were established. These units have included cities,
combinations of cities and counties, SMSAs and an entire state. In addition,
and as stated in the Federal Register notice when the goals were proposed (44
FR 52348‑52349):
The Department also examined the
possibility of using other geographical divisions as goal setting areas.
Principally, the Department examined the Federal Wage Survey Areas as a
possible geographical base for setting goals. These are contiguous areas which
cover the entire country and are based upon the commuting patterns of Federal
employees. However, construction trades
are not part of the survey and the areas reflect the commuting patterns of
Federal employees who usually work at fixed locations.
However, when all objectives are
considered (e.g., consistent, uniform and equal treatment of contractors which
constantly compete against each other for contracts, uniform and broad
protection of employees and applicants for employment, a uniform and reliable
data base, and standards and methodologies which can be administered on a
coherent basis), the SMSAs and EAs are the geographical units which possess the
most positive characteristics and the smallest number of negative
characteristics. SMSAs, for example, have been conceptually developed and
defined by the Office of Management and Budget. These statistical areas (or
geographical units) represent a reasoned judgment as to how metropolitan areas
may be defined statistically in a uniform manner using data items that are: (1)
widely recognized as indicative of metropolitan character (population, urban
character, non-agricultural employment, population density, commuting ties);
and (2) available from a body of Federal statistics which has been uniformly
and simultaneously collected in all parts of the country, and processed and
tabulated according to consistent standards.
Thus, if a project is located within an SMSA, it can be concluded that a
reasonable commuting area exists within that SMSA, and that goals based on SMSA
statistics are accurate. Furthermore,
the majority of the
The "Economic Areas"
concept was developed and defined by the Bureau of Economic Analysis in the
U.S. Department of Commerce. Economic
Areas are viewed as centers of commerce and generally cover areas which include
the places of work and residence for most workers. There are 183 such areas, defined along
county lines, covering the entire country. Counties were assigned to these
economic areas in accordance with commuting patterns based primarily on data
gathered by the Bureau of the Census. (For a full explanation of the derivation
of EAs, see "The BEA Economic Areas: Structural Changes and Growth 1950‑
73," Survey of Current Business.
Those
comments which contend that the proposed minority employment goals for SMSAs
and EAs are too high because construction workers tend to travel from EAs and
SMSAs to central cities and that minority workers will not travel to rural and
suburban areas are not persuasive. Numerous studies have demonstrated that
minorities tend to be concentrated in the central cities. Like other workers,
minorities will travel to the areas where the jobs are generated and, according
to data obtained from the Bureau of the Census, the construction jobs will be,
for the most part, in the SMSAs and the suburban communities. That data, which
reported the dollar value of building construction permits let by political
jurisdictions across the country reveal that over 72 percent of the total
dollar amount was for projects located outside of the central or core
city. Based on the assumption that the
greater the dollar value of the construction, the greater the number of jobs to
be created, it is reasonable to assume that, with few exceptions, the number of
jobs for minorities will be greater in these fringe areas, and the proposed
goals should reflect this. In addition, it is a well known fact that construction
workers follow the work, even if it means traveling long distances. There is no
evidence that this traveling factor is different for minorities than it is for
nonminorities. Indeed, there have been instances where minorities have moved to
locations in order that they avail themselves of construction employment
opportunities.
2. Contractors contended that
the minority goals should be by individual trade/craft rather than a single
goal for all crafts because to do otherwise ignores the unavailability of
minority construction workers, both skilled and unskilled, and makes it
virtually impossible for contractors to meet the goal. After giving
consideration to the use of individual craft/trade goals, the Department
concluded that the "single goal for all crafts" concept reflects the
relevant pool from which minority workers can be drawn, and offers a greater
opportunity for minorities to work in all construction trades at this time.
Further, the Department of Labor
has reviewed the data available on which individual trade/craft goals might be
based and finds that they are seriously limited. The 1970 Census has some data
on minority participation in the individual trades; however, it reflects
pre-1970 employment practices of the construction industry which excluded
minorities from working in many trades regardless of their skill. Individual
craft data at the county level are unreliable because of the small population
samples and the even smaller number of minorities employed in the trades. Such
data, therefore, cannot provide an accurate basis for setting appropriate
individual craft/trade goal levels.
Bearing in mind that the intent of the goals is
an initial measure of the contractors' good faith efforts to increase the
employment opportunities for minorities and women. and that many trades have
minimal entry education and skill requirements, the single goal approach is
appropriate and reasonable. Moreover, the single goal concept is predicated
upon the proposition that had it not been for the long-standing exclusion of minorities from the skilled
construction crafts, minorities would be represented in these crafts at
least to the extent of their representation in the total labor force in a given
geographical area. (See, United
Steelworkers of
3. The Department is
sensitive to those comments which state that 1970 Census data are outmoded. The
Census data, of course, are collected decennially. Nevertheless, the advantages
of the Census data far outweigh the advantages of data which may have been
collected more recently. The latest
nationwide labor force data, for example, are contained in the 1970 Census of
Population. At the request of the Department of Labor, the Bureau of Census has
made a tabulation of the 1970 Census data which provides counts of minority and
other persons in the experienced civilian labor force. Moreover, the method adopted here for
establishing goals lends itself to easy amendment, and it is expected that the goals
will be adjusted when the 1980
Census data have been tabulated.
4. Some groups objected that the SMSA and EA
goals in some instances were lower than presently existing goals in Hometown
Plans or goals retained from the old Imposed Plans. Protection of employees and
applicants for employment will not be lessened by the new goals established in
the attached Appendix. First, they are affirmative action goals, and
contractors are required to use every good faith effort to meet them. They do
not preclude OFCCP from requiring either higher goals or stronger corrective
action of individual contractors in specific cases to remedy the effects of
past discriminatory practices. Needless to say, Administrative Law judges and
courts would not be bound to follow these affirmative action goals when additional
relief is necessary to correct discriminatory practices. Second, the Hometown
Plan goals are not affected by the goals adopted today. Signatories to current
Hometown Plans will continue to follow the Hometown Plan goals (see 41 CFR 60‑4.5).
Third, Imposed Plans primarily covered and were confined to major metropolitan
areas where minority concentrations tend to be high. The percentage goals for
minorities in the plans accordingly tended to be high. However, by expanding
the geographical area (i.e., from city to SMSA or to EA), the total number of
minorities protected by the goals adopted today increases, although there may
be some decrease in the percentage level of the goals. Fourth, all nonexempt construction will be subject to the relevant
minority numerical goal whereas such requirements now are limited to a
relatively small number of major metropolitan areas.
5. The goals published today for
minority utilization are based upon both male and female minority
representation in the labor force. In addition, a single goal or aggregated
goal for all minority groups is adopted. Many useful comments were submitted in
response to EEOC's request for public comments on whether an aggregated
minority goal or whether disaggregated minority goals should be adopted by
OFCCP for construction contractors. The Department and EEOC also have had
productive discussions on this issue.
As a consequence, the Department
of Labor and EEOC have agreed that disaggregated minority goals - for each race
and national origin group, by sex - will be instituted as soon as detailed
tabulated 1980 Census data are available. The 1980 Census data are expected to
include precise data on a widespread basis for various minority subgroups.
EEOC and the Department of Labor
will propose appropriate minority subgroup participation rates below which
aggregation will occur in order to ensure meaningful minority subgroup goals
for individual contractor workforces.
Minority Goals for
Minority hiring goals as
proposed on
Conclusions
Based on all those considerations,
the Department of Labor hereby adopts the SMSA as the basic geographical unit
for establishing goals and the Economic Area as the geographical unit for those
areas located outside of the SMSA's. The goal established for minority
utilization for each of these geographical units is the minority civilian labor
force percentage for each such‑ geographical unit.
The
latest available nationwide labor force data are contained in the 1970 Census
of Population. To prepare the proposed goals, the Bureau of Census has prepared
for OFCCP a tabulation of the 1970 Census data that provides counts of minority
and other persons in the experienced civilian labor force.
A single minority goal is
established for each SMSA and EA without a timetable. Timetables for the achievement
of minority goals are not provided because it is assumed that after 10 years of
Executive Order and other equal employment opportunity efforts to increase the
minority participation in the labor force. These levels should be at least at
the 1970 minority force figures. The minority utilization goals adopted today
were calculated using the 1970 Census tabulation mentioned above, and are set
at the 1970 minority representation in the experienced civilian labor force.
Separate goals are established
for each of the SMSA's and for each of the EA's. When a covered construction
contract or subcontract is for a project located in an SMSA, the goals for that
SMSA apply. When a covered construction contract or subcontract is for a
project located in an area outside of an SMSA, the EA goals for that area
apply.
The minority (male and female)
goals apply to Federal and federally assisted construction contractors and
subcontractors which have covered contracts. The goals are expressed as a
percentage of the total hours worked by such a covered contractor's or
subcontractor's entire onsite construction workforce which is working on any
construction site within a relevant area. The goal applies to each construction
craft and trade in the contractor's entire workforce in the relevant area
including those employees working on private nonfederally involved projects.
The applicable goals for the
contractor or subcontractors are the goals for the geographical area where the
contract is being performed, and all the work of a Federal or federally
assisted construction contractor or subcontractor is covered regardless of
whether the work is being performed on a covered contract. Therefore, a
contractor with a covered contract in SMSA X would apply the goals for SMSA X for
that contract. The same contractor,
however, would apply the SMSA Y goals to all its construction work in SMSA Y
even though that contractor's contracts in SMSA Y were neither Federal nor
federally assisted.
Finally, this notice and
Appendix B‑80 do not affect contractors which are participating under
Hometown Plans approved by OFCCP with respect to contracts being performed in
the geographical area covered by the Hometown Plan.
Each
contracting agency, each applicant, and each contractor is required to include
the appropriate goal set forth below in all invitations for bids or other
solicitations for Federal or federally assisted construction contracts of
subcontracts in excess of $10,000.
Accordingly, Appendix B of the
Notice issued on
A new Appendix B‑80 is hereby issued as
set forth below which shall become effective on November 3,1980.
Dated:
Ray Marshall,
Secretary of Labor.
John N. Gentry,
Under Secretary.
Donald E. Elisburg,
Assistant Secretary, Employment Standards Administration.
Weldon Rougeau,
Director, Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs.
Appendix B‑80
Until further notice, the following goals for minority utilization in each
construction craft and trade shall be included in all Federal or federally
assisted construction contracts and subcontracts in excess of $10,000 to be
performed in the respective geographical areas. The goals are applicable to
each nonexempt contractor's total onsite construction workforce, regardless of
whether or not part of that workforce is performing work on a Federal,
Federally assisted or nonfederally related project contract or
subcontract.
Construction contractors which are participating in an approved Hometown
Plan (see 41 CFR 60-4.5) are required to comply with the goals of the Hometown
Plan with regard to construction work they perform in the area covered by the
Hometown Plan. With regard to all their other covered construction work, such
contractors are required to comply with the applicable SMSA or EA goal
contained in this appendix B-80.
(The minority
participation goals by economic area are listed on the following pages)
ECONOMIC AREAS
STATE GOAL
(percent)
001
Non‑SMSA Counties 0.8
ME
002 Portland‑Lewiston, ME:
SMSA Counties:
4243 Lewiston‑Auburn, ME 0.5
ME
6403
ME
Non‑SMSA Counties 0.5
ME Franklin; ME.
003
Non‑SMSA Counties 0.8
NH Coos; NH Grafton; NH Sullivan; VT Addison; VT Caledonia; VT Chittenden; VT Essex; VT Franklin; VT Grand Isle; VT Lamoille; VT Orange; VT Orleans; VT Ruthland; VT Washington; VT Windsor.
004
SMSA Counties:
1123
MA Essex; MA Middlesex; MA
4763 Manchester‑Nashua, NH 0.7
NH Hillsborough.
5403
Fail River‑New
MA
9243
MA
Non‑SMSA Counties 3.6
MA
005
SMSA Counties:
6483
Rl
Bristol; Rl
Non‑SMSA Counties 3.1
RI
006
SMSA Counties:
3283
CT
5483
CT New Haven.
5523
CT New
6323
MA
8003
MA
Hampden; MA Hampshire.
Non‑SMSA Counties 5.9
CT Litchfield; CT
007
SMSA Counties:
0160
NY
Non‑SMSA Counties 2.6
NY Clinton; NY Columbia; NY Essex; NY Fulton; NY Greene; NY Hamilton, NY Schoharie, NY Warren; NY Washington; VT Bennington.
008
SMSA Counties:
8160
NY
8680
NY Herkimer; NY
Non‑SMSA Counties 2.5
NY Cayuga; NY
009
SMSA Counties:
6840
NY
Livingston; NY
Non‑SMSA Counties 5.9
NY
010
SMSA Counties:
1280
NY
Non‑SMSA Counties 6.3
NY
Allegany; NY Cattaraugus; NY Chautauqua; NY
011
SMSA Counties
0960
NY Broome; NY Tioga; PA Susquehanna.
2335
NY Chemung
Non‑SMSA Counties 1.2
NY Chenango; NY Delaware; NY Otsego; NY Schuyler; NY Steuben; ; NY Tompkins; PA Bradford; PA Tioga.
012
SMSA Counties:
1163
CT
3640
NJ
4410
NJ Monmouth
5380
NY
5460
NJ
Middlesex 5.8
5600
NJ
The following goal ranges are
applicable to the indicated trades in the counties of Bronx, Kings,
Electricians 9.0
to 10.2
Carpenters 27.6
to 32.0
Steam fitters 12.2 to 13.5
Metal lathers 24.6
to 25.6
Painters 28.6
to 26.0
Operating Engineers 25.6
to 26.0
Plumbers 12.0
to 14.5
Iron workers (struct) 25.9 to 32.0
Elevator constructors 5.5 to 6.5
Bricklayers 13.4
to 15.5
Asbestos workers 22.8 to 28.0
Roofers 6.3 to 7.5
Iron workers (ornamental) 22.4 to 23.0
Cement masons 23.0 to 27.0
Glaziers 16.0 to 20.0
Plasterers 15.8 to 18.0
Teamsters 22.0 to 22.5
Boilermakers 13.0
to 15.5
All others 16.4
to 17.5
5640
NJ Essex; NJ Morris; NJ
6040
NJ
6460
NY Dutchese
Non‑SMSA Counties 17.0
NJ Hunterdon; NJ Ocean; NJ
007
SMSA Counties:
0160
NY
Non‑SMSA
Counties 2.6
NY
NY
008
SMSA Counties:
8160
NY
8680
NY Herkimer; NY
Non‑SMSA Counties 2.5
NY Cayuga; NY
009
SMSA Counties:
6840
NY Livingston; NY
Non‑SMSA Counties 5.9
NY
010
SMSA Counties:
1280
NY
Non‑SMSA Counties 6.3
NY Allegany; NY Cattaraugus; NY
Chautauqua; NY
011
SMSA Counties
0960
NY
Broome; NY Tioga; PA Susquehanna.
2335
NY Chemung
Non‑SMSA Counties 1.2
NY
Chenango; NY
PA Bradford; PA Tioga.
012
SMSA Counties:
1163
CT
3640
NJ
4410
NJ Monmouth
5380
NY
5460
NJ Middlesex 5.8
5600
NJ
The following goal
ranges are applicable to the indicated trades in the counties of Bronx, Kings,
Electricians 9.0
to 10.2
Carpenters 27.6
to 32.0
Steam fitters 12.2 to 13.5
Metal lathers 24.6
to 25.6
Painters 28.6
to 26.0
Operating Engineers 25.6
to 26.0
Plumbers 12.0
to 14.5
Iron workers (struct) 25.9 to 32.0
Elevator constructors 5.5 to 6.5
Bricklayers 13.4
to 15.5
Asbestos workers 22.8 to 28.0
Roofers 6.3 to 7.5
Iron workers (ornamental) 22.4 to 23.0
Cement masons 23.0 to 27.0
Glaziers 16.0 to 20.0
Plasterers 15.8 to 18.0
Teamsters 22.0 to 22.5
Boilermakers 13.0
to 15.5
All others 16.4
to 17.5
5640
NJ Essex; NJ Morris; NJ
6040
NJ
6460
NY Dutchese
Non‑SMSA Counties 17.0
NJ Hunterdon; NJ Ocean; NJ
013
SMSA Counties
5745
PA
Non‑SMSA Counties 0.5
PA
014
SMSA Counties
9140
PA Lycoming.
Non‑SMSA Counties 0.7
PA Cameron; PA Centre; PA
Clearfield; PA Clinton; PA Elk; PA Jefferson; PA Montour; PA Northumberland; PA
Snyder; PA Sullivan; PA Union.
015
SMSA Counties:
2360
PA
Non‑SMSA Counties 1.8
PA Clarion; PA Crawford; PA Forest;
PA Venango; PA
016
SMSA Counties
0280
PA Blair.
3680
PA Cambria; PA
6280
PA Allegheny; PA Beaver; PA
Non‑SMSA Counties 4.8
MD Allegany; MD Garrett; PA
Armstrong; PA Bedford; PA Butler; PA Fayette; PA Greene; PA Indiana; WV Mineral.
017
SMSA Counties
3240
PA
4000
PA
9280
PA Adams; PA York.
Non‑SMSA‑Counties 3.1
PA
018
SMSA Counties
0240
NJ
0560
NJ
6160
NJ Burlington; NJ Camden; NJ
Glouchester; PA Bucks; PA Chester; PA Delaware; PA Montgomery; PA Philadelphia.
8680
PA Berks.
8480
NJ Mercer.
8760
NJ
9160 Wilmington, DE-NJ-MD 12.3
DE
Non‑SMSA Counties 14.5
DE
019 Baltimore, MD
SMSA Counties:
0720
MD Anne Arundel; MD
Non‑SMSA
Counties 23.6
MD Caroline; MD Dorchester; MD Kent;
MD Queen Annes; MD Somerset; MD Talbot; MD Wicomico; MD Worcester; VA Accomack; VA Northamptom
020
SMSA Counties
8840 Washington, DC‑MD‑VA 28.0
DC District of Columbia; MD Charles; Montgomery; MD Prince
Georges; VA Arlington; VA Fairfax; VA Loudoun; VA Prince William; VA Alexandria; VA Fairfax City; VA Falls Church.
Non‑SMSA Counties 25.2
MD Calvert; MD
Frederick; MD St. Marys; MD
Washington; VA Clarke; VA Culpepper; VA
Fauquier; VA Frederick; VA King George; VA Page; VA Rappahannock; VA Shenandoah; VA Spottsylvania; VA
Stafford; VA Warren; VA Westmoreland; VA
Fredericksburg; VA Winchester; WV Berkeley;
WV Grant; WV Hampshire; WV Hardy; WV Jefferson; WV Morgan.
021 Roanoke‑Lynchburg VA:
SMSA Counties:
4640
VA
6800
VA Botetourt; VA Craig; VA
Non‑SMSA Counties 12.0
VA Alleghany, VA Augusta; VA
Bath; VA Bedford; VA Bland; VA Carroll;
VA Floyd; VA Franklin; VA Giles; VA
Grayson; VA Henry; VA Highland; VA
Montgomery; VA Nelson; VA Patrick; VA Pittsylvania; VA
Pulaski; VA Rockbridge; VA
Rockingham; VA Wythe; VA
Bedford City; VA Buena Vista; VA Clifton Forge; VA Covington;
VA Danville; VA Galex; VA
Harrisonburg; VA Lexington; VA Martinsville; VA
Radford; VA
022
SMSA Counties:
6140
VA Dinwiddie; VA
Prince George; VA
6760
VA Charles City; VA Chesterfield; VA Goochland;
VA Hanover; VA Henrico; VA New
Kent; VA Powhatan; VA Richmond.
Non‑SMSA Counties 27.9
VA Albemarle; VA Amelia; VA Brunswick; VA Buckingham; VA Caroline; VA Charlotte; VA Cumberland; VA
Essex; VA Fluvanna; VA Greene;
VA Greensville; VA Halifax; VA King And
Queen; VA King William; VA Lancaster;
VA Louisa; VA Lunenberg; VA Madison; VA
Mecklenburg; VA NorthumberIand; VA Nottoway; VA Orange; VA Prince
Edward; VA Richmond; VA Sussex; VA Charlottesville; VA Emporia; VA South Boston.
023
SMSA Counties:
5680
VA
5720
NC Currituck; VA
Non‑SMSA Counties 29.7
NC Bertie; NC Camden; NC Chowan; NC Gates; NC Hertford; NC
Pasquotank; NC Perquimans; VA Isle of Wight; VA Matthews; VA Middlesex; VA Southampton; VA Surry; VA Franklin.
024
Non‑SMSA Counties 31.7
NC Beaufort; NC Carteret; NC Craven; NC Dare; NC
Edgecombe; NC Greene; NC Halifax; NC Hyde; NC Jones; NC Lenoir; NC Martin; NC
Nash; NC Northampton; NC Pamlico; NC Pitt; NC Tyrrell; NC Washington; NC
Wayne; NC Wilson
025
SMSA Counties:
9200
NC
Non‑SMSA counties 23.5
NC Columbus; NC Duplin; NC Onslow; NC Pender.
026
SMSA Counties:
2560
NC
Non‑SMSA Counties 33.5
NC Bladen; NC
Hoke; NC
027
SMSA Counties:
6640
NC
Non‑SMSA Counties 24.7
NC Chatham; NC Franklin; NC Granville; NC Harnett; NC Johnston; NC Lee; NC Person;
NC Vance; NC Warren.
028
SMSA Counties:
1300
NC Alamance.
3120
NC Davidson; NC
Forsyth; NC
Non‑SMSA Counties 15.5
NC Alleghany; NC Ashe; NC Caswell; NC Davie; NC
Montgomery; NC Moore; NC Rockingham; NC Surry; NC Watauga; NC Wilkes.
029 Charlotte, NC:
SMSA Counties:
1520
NC Gaston; NC Mecklenburg; NC
Non‑SMSA Counties 15.7
NC Alexander; NC Anson; NC Burke; NC Cabarrus; NC
Caldwell; NC Catawba; NC Cleveland; NC Iredell; NC Lincoln; NC Rowan; NC Rutherford; NC Stanley; SC Chester; SC
Lancaster SC York.
030
Non‑SMSA Counties:
0480
NC Buncombe; NC
Non‑SMSA Counties 6.3
NC Avery; NC Cherokee; NC Clay; NC Graham; HC Heywood;
NC
NC
NC Yancey.
031
SMSA
Counties:
3160
SC
Non-SMSA
Counties 17.8
SC Polk; SC
Abbeville; SC Anderson; SC Cherokee; SC
SC Oconee;
SC
032
SMSA Counties:
1760
SC
Non‑SMSA
Counties 32.0
SC
SC
Orangeburg; SC Saluda; SC
033
Non‑SMSA Counties 33.0
SC
SC
034
SMSA Counties
1440
SC
Non‑SMSA Counties 30.7
SC
Collection
035 Augusta, GA:
SMSA Counties:
0600
GA
Non‑SMSA Counties 32.8
GA Burke; GA Emanuel; GA Glascock; GA Jefferson; GA Jenkins; GA Lincoln; GA
McDuffie;
GA Taliaferro; GA
SC BarnweIl; SC Edgefield; SC McCormick
036
SMSA Counties
0520
GA Butts; GA Cherokee; GA Clayton; GA Cobb; GA Dekalb; GA Douglas; GA Fayette;
GA Forsyth; GA
GA Walton
Non‑SMSA Counties 19.5
GA Banks; GA Barrow; GA Bartow; GA Carroll; GA Clarke; GA Coweta; GA Dawson;
GA Elbert; GA
Fannin; GA Floyd; GA
GA Habersham; GA
Hall; GA Haralson; GA Hart; GA Heard; GA
GA Lamar, GA Lumpkin; GA Madison, GA Morgan; GA
Oconee, GA Oglethorpe;
GA Pickens; GA
Pike; GA PoIk; GA
GA
037 Columbus, GA:
SMSA Counties
1800
AL
Russell; GA Chattahoochee; GA
Non‑SMSA Counties 31.6
AL Chambers; AL Lee; GA Harris; GA Marion; GA Meriwether; GA Quitman;
GA Schley; GA Stewart; GA Sumter; GA Talbot; GA Troup; GA Webster.
038 Macon, GA:
SMSA Counties
4660
GA Bibb; GA
Non‑SMSA Counties 31.7
GA Baldwin; GA Bleckley; GA Crawford; GA Crisp; GA Dodge; GA Dooly; GA Hancock; GA Johnson; GA Laurens; GA Macon; GA Monroe; GA Peach; GA Pulaski; GA Putnam. GA Taylor; GA Telfair; GA Treutlen; GA Washington; GA Wheeler; GA Wilcox; GA Wilkinson.
039
SMSA Counties:
7520
GA Bryan; GA Chatham; GA Effingham
Non‑SMSA Counties 29.8
GA
Appling; GA Atkinson; GA Bacon; GA Bullock; GA Candler; GA Coffee;
GA Evans; GA Jeff Davis; GA
GA Screven; GA Tattinall; GA Toombs; GA
040
SMSA Counties
0120
GA Dougherty; GA Lee.
Non-SMSA Counties 31.1
GA Baker; GA Ben HiII; GA Berrien; GA Brooks; GA Calhoun; GA Clay; GA Clinch; GA Colquitt; GA Cook; GA Decatur; GA Early; GA Echols; GA Grady; GA Irwin; GA Lanier; GA Lowndes; GA Miller; GA Mitchell; GA Randolph; GA Seminole, GA Terrell; GA Thomas; GA Tift; GA Turner; GA Worth.
041
SMSA
Counties
2900
FL
Alachua
3600
FL
Baker; FL Clay; FL Duval; FL
Non‑SMSA
Counties 22.2
FL
Bradford; FL
FL
Levy; FL Marion; FL Putnam; FL Suwannee; FL Union; GA Brantley; GA Camden;
GA
Charlton; GA Glynn; GA Pierce; GA Ware.
042
Orlando -
SMSA
Counties:
2020
FL
Volusia.
4900
Melbourne – Tutusville –
FL
Brevard.
5960
FL
Non-SMSA
Counties 14.9
FL
Flagler; FL Lake; FL
043
SMSA
Counties:
2680
FL.
Broward.
5000
FL
Dade.
8960
FL
Non‑SMSA
Counties 30.4
FL
Glades; FL Hendry; FL Indian River; FL Martin; FL
FL
Okeechobee; FL St. Lucie.
044
SMSA
Counties:
1140
FL
Manatee.
2700
FL
Lee.
3980
FL Polk
7510 Sarasota, FL 10.5
FL Sarasota.
8280 Tampa ‑ St. Petersburg, FL 17.9
FL
Non‑SMSA
Counties 17.1
FL
045
SMSA
Counties:
8240
FL Leon; FL Wakulla.
Non‑SMSA
Counties: 29.5
FL Calhoun; FL
FL
Madison; FL Taylor.
046 Pensacola ‑ Panama City, FL
SMSA
Counties:
8615
FL
Bay.
6080
FL Escambia; FL Santa Rosa.
Non‑SMSA
Counties 15.4
FL Gulf; FL Holmes; FL Okaloosa; FL Walton; FL
Alabama:
047 Mobile, AL
SMSA Counties:
5160 Mobile, AL 25.9
AL Baldwin; AL Mobile.
6026
MS Jackson.
Non‑SMSA
Counties 26.4
AL Choctaw; AL Clarke; AL Conecuh; AL Escambia; AL Monroe; AL Washington; AL Wilcox; MS George; MS Greene.
048
Montgomery,
SMSA
Counties
5240
AL
Autauga; AL Elmore; AL Montgomery.
Non‑SMSA Counties 29.9
AL Barbour; AL Bullock; AL Butler; AL Coffee; AL Coosa;
AL Covington;
AL Crenshaw; AL Dale; AL Dallas; AL Geneva; AL Henry; AL
Houston;
AL Lowndes; AL Macon; AL Perry; AL Pike; AL Tallapoosa.
049
SMSA
Counties:
0450
AL
Calhoun.
1000 Birmingham, AL 24.9
AL Jefferson; AL St. Clair; AL Shelby; AL Walker; AL
Etowah
8600 Tuscaloosa, AL 20.6
AL
Tuscaloosa.
Non‑SMSA Counties 20.7
AL Bibb; AL Blount; AL Cherokee; AL Chilton; AL Clay; AL
Cleburne; AL Cullman;
AL Fayette; AL Greene; AL Hale; AL Lamar; AL Marion; AL
Pickens; AL Randolph;
AL Sumter; AL Talladega; AL Winston.
050
SMSA
Counties:
2650 Florence, AL 11.9
AL Colbert; AL Lauderdale.
3440 Huntsville, AL 12.0
AL Limestone; AL Madison; AL Marshall.
Non‑SMSA
Counties 11.2
AL Franklin; AL Lawrence AL Morgan; TN Lincoln.
051
SMSA Counties:
1560
GA Catoosa; GA Dade; GA Walker; TN Hamilton;TN Marion; TN Sequatchie.
Non‑SMSA Counties 8.6
TN Bledsoe; TN Bradley; TN
Grundy; TN McMinn; TN Meigs; TN
TN Polk; TN Rhea.
052
SMSA Counties:
3660
TN Carter; TN Hawkins; TN Sullivan; TN Unicoi; TN Washington; VA Scott;
VA Washington; VA Bristol.
Non‑SMSA Counties 3.2
TN Greene; TN Hancock; TN
Johnson; VA Buchanan; VA Dickenson; VA Lee;
VA Russell; VA Smyth; VA
Tazewell; VA Wise; VA Norton; WV McDowell, WV Mercer.
053
SMSA Counties:
3840
TN
Non‑SMSA Counties 4.5
KY Bell; KY Harlan; KY Knox; KY Laurel; KY McCreary; KY Wayne; KY Whitley; TN Campbell; TN Claiborne; TN Cocke; TN Cumberland; TN Fentress; TN Grainger, TN Hamblen; TN Jefferson; TN Loudon; TN Morgan; TN Roane; TN Scott;
TN Sevier.
054
SMSA Counties:
1660
KY Christian; TN Montgomery.
5360
TN
TN Williamson; TN Wilson.
Non‑SMSA Counties 12.0
KY Allen; KY Barren; KY
KY Logan; KY Metcalfe; KY Monroe; KY Simpson; KY Todd;
KY Trigg; KY Warren;
TN
TN Hickman; TN Houston; TN Humphreys; TN
TN Macon; TN Marshall; TN Maury; TN Moore; TN Overton;
TN Perry; TN Pickett;
TN Putnam; TN Smith; TN Stewart; TN Trousdale; TN Van
Buren; TN
TN Wayne; TN White.
055
SMSA Counties:
4920
AR Critteriden; MS Do Soto; TN Shelby; TN Tipton.
Non‑SMSA Counties 26.5
AR Clay; AR Craighead; AR Cross; AR Greene; AR
Lawrence; AR Lee;
AR Mississippi; AR Phillips; AR. Poinsett; AR
Randolph; AR St. Francis; MS Alcorn;
MS Benton; MS Bolivar; MS Calhoun; MS Carroll; MS
Chickasaw, MS Clay;
MS Coahoma; MS Grenada; MS ltawamba; MS Lafayette; MS
Lee; MS Leflore;
MS Marshall; MS Monroe; MS Montgomery; MS Panola; MS
Pontotoc; MS Prentiss;
MS Quitman; MS Sunflower; MS Tallahatchie; MS Tate; MS
Tippah; MS Tishomingo;
MS Union; MS Washington; MS Webster. MS Yalobusha; MO
Dunklin;
MO New
TN Decatur; TN Dyer; TN Fayette; TN Gibson; TN
Hardeman; TN Hardin;
TN Haywood; TN
TN Madison; TN Obion; TN Weakley.
056
Non‑SMSA Counties 5.2
IL Hardin; IL Massac; IL Pope; KY
Ballard; KY Caldwell; KY Calloway. KY Carlisle; KY Crittenden; KY
057
SMSA Counties:
4520
IN Clark; IN Floyd; KY Bullitt;
KY Jefferson; KY
Non‑SMSA Counties 9.6
IN Crawford; IN Harrison; IN Jefferson; IN
KY Breckinridge; KY Grayson; KY Hardin; KY Hart; KY
Henry; KY Larue; KY Marion;
KY Meade; KY Nelson; KY Shelby; KY Spencer; KY
Trimble; KY Washington.
058
SMSA Counties
4280 Lexington‑Fayette, KY 10.8
KY Bourbon; KY
Non‑SMSA Counties 7.0
KY
KY Estill; KY Franklin; KY Garrard; KY Green; KY Harrison; KY Jackson; KY Knott;
KY Lee; KY Leslie; KY Letcher; KY Lincoln; KY Madison; KY Magoffin; KY Menifee;
KY Mercer; KY Montgomery; KY Morgan. KY Nicholas; KY Owsley; KY Perry;
KY Powell; KY Pulaski; KY Rockcastle; KY Russell; KY Taylor; KY Wolfe.
059
Huntington, WV:
SMSA Counties:
3400 Huntington –
KY Boyd; KY Greenup; OH Lawrence; WV Cabell; WV Wayne.
Non‑SMSA Counties 2.5
KY Carter; KY Elliott; KY Floyd; KY Johnson; KY
Lawrence; KY Martin; KY Pike;
KY Rowan; OH Gallia; WV
060
SMSA Counties:
1480
WV Kanawha; WV Putnam.
Non‑SMSA Counties 4.2
WV Boone; WV Braxton; WV Calhoun; WV Clay; Fayette; WV
Gilmer; WV Greenbrier; WV Jackson; WV Monroe; WV Nicholas; WV Pocahontas; WV
Raleigh; WV Roane; WV Summers; WV Webster; WV Wyoming.
061 Morgantown‑Fairmont; WV:
Non‑SMSA Counties 2.1
WV Barbour; WV Doddridge; WV Harrison; WV Lewis; WV
Marion; WV Monongalia; WV Preston; WV Randolph; WV Taylor; WV Tucker, WV
Upshur.
062
SMSA Counties:
6020 Parkersburg‑Marietta. WV‑OH 1.1
OH Washington; WV Wirt; WV Wood.
Non‑SMSA Counties 1.2
WV Pleasants; WV Ritchie.
063
SMSA Counties:
8080 Steubenville‑Wierton, OH‑WV 4.3
OH Jefferson; WV Brooke; WV Hancock.
9000
OH
Non‑SMSA Counties 3.0
OH Harrison; OH Monroe; WV Tyler; WV Wetzel.
064 Youngstown‑Warren, OH:
SMSA Counties:
9320 Youngstown‑Warren, OH 9.4
OH Mahoning; OH Trumbull.
NonSMSA Counties 6.7
OH Columbiana; PA Lawrence; PA Mercer.
065 Cleveland, OH:
SMSA Counties:
0080
OH
1320
OH Carroll; OH Stark.
1680
OH Cuyahoga; OH Geauga; OH Lake; OH
4440 Lorain‑Elyria, OH 9.3
OH
4800
OH
Non‑SMSA Counties:
OH
OH Holmes; OH Huron; OH Tuscarawas; OH Wayne.
066 Columbus, OH:
SMSA Counties:
1840
OH
Non‑SMSA Counties 7.3
OH
OH Licking; OH
OH Noble; OH Perry OH Pike; OH Ross; OH Scioto; OH
067
SMSA Counties:
1640
IN Dearborn; KY Boone; KY Campbell; KY Kenton; OH Clermont;
OH Hamilton; OH Warren.
3200
OH
Non‑SMSA Counties 9.2
IN
KY
Fleming; KY Gallatin; KY Grant; KY Lewis; KY Mason; KY Owen; KY Pendleton;
KY
Robertson; OH Adams; OH Brown; OH
068
SMSA Counties:
2000
OH Greene; ON
7960
OH
Non‑SMSA Counties 9.9
OH Darke; OH Logan; ON
069
SMSA Counties:
4320
OH Allen; OH Auglaize; OH Putnam; OH Van Wert.
Non‑SMSA Counties 3.5
OH Hardin; OH Mercer.
070
SMSA Counties:
8400
MI Monroe; OH Fulton; OH Lucas; OH
Non‑SMSA Counties 7.3
MI Lenawee; OH Hancock; OH Henry; OH
071
SMSA Counties:
0440 Ann Arbor, MI 8.5
MI Washtenaw.
2160 Detroit, MI 17.7
MI Lapeer; MI Livingston; Ml Macomb; MI Oakland; MI St. Clair; Mi Wayne.
2640
MI
Non‑SMSA Counties 16.7
MI Sanilac.
072
SMSA Counties:
0800
MI Bay.
6960 Saginaw, MI 14.3
MI Saginaw.
Non‑SMSA Counties 5.2
MI Alcona; MI Alpena; MI Arenac; MI Cheboygan; MI
Chippewa; MI Clare;
MI Crawford; MI Gladwin; MI Gratiot; MI Huron; MI losco;
MI Isabella; MI Luce;
MI Mackinac; MI Midland; MI Montmorency; MI Ogemaw; MI
Oscoda; MI Otsego;
MI Presque Isle; MI Roscommon; MI Tuscola.
073
SMSA Counties:
3000
MI Kent; MI
5320
MI Muskegon; MI Oceana.
Non‑SMSA Counties 4.9
MI Allegan; MI Antrim; MI Benzie; MI Charlevoix;
MI Emmet; MI Grand Traverse; MI Kalkaska; MI Lake; MI Leelanau; MI Manistee; MI
Mason; MI Mecosta; MI Missaukee; MI Montcalm; MI Newaygo; MI Osceola; MI
Wexford.
074
SMSA Counties:
0780 Battle Creek, MI 7.2
MI Barry; MI Calhoun.
3520 Jackson, MI 5.1
MI Jackson.
3720 Kalamazoo-Portage, MI 5.9
MI Kalamazoo; MI Van Buren.
4040 Lansing-East Lansing, MI 5.5
MI Clinton; MI Eaton; MI Ingham; MI Ionia.
Non‑SMSA Counties 5.5
MI Branch; MI Hillsdale.
075
SMSA Counties:
7800
IN Marshall;
2330
IN
Non‑SMSA Counties 6.2
IN
076
Non‑SMSA Counties 4.4
IN Allen; IN Dekalb; IN Wells; IN
OH
077 Kokomo‑Marion, IN:
SMSA Counties:
3850
IN Howard; IN Tipton.
Non‑SMSA Counties 3.7
IN Cass; IN Grant; IN
078 Anderson‑Muncie, IN:
SMSA Counties:
0400
IN
5280
IN
Non‑SMSA Counties 3.9
IN Blackford; IN Fayette; IN
Henry; IN Jay; IN
079
SMSA Counties:
1020
IN
3480
IN Boone; IN
IN
Non‑SMSA Counties 9.7
IN Bartholomew; IN Brown; IN
Daviess; IN
IN
080
SMSA Counties
2440
IN Gibson; IN Posey; IN Vanderburgh; IN Warrick; KY Henderson.
5990
KY Daviess.
Non‑SMSA Counties 3.5
IL Edwards; IL
IL White; IN Dubois; IN Knox; IN Perry; IN Pike; IN Spencer; KY Hancock;
KY
081 Terre Haute, IN:
SMSA Counties:
8320
IN Clay; IN Sullivan; IN
Vermillion; IN
Non‑SMSA Counties 2.5
IL Clark; IL Crawford; IN Parke.
082
SMSA Counties:
3920
IN
Non-SMSA Counties 1.5
IN
IN
083 Chicago, IL:
SMSA Counties:
1600
IL Cook; IL Du Page; IL Kane; IL
2960
IN
3740
IL
3800
WI
Non‑SMSA Counties 18.4
IL Bureau; IL
IL Livingston; IL Putnam; IL
Jasper; IN Laporte; IN
084
Champaign‑Urbana, IL:
SMSA Counties:
1400
IL
Non‑SMSA Counties 4.8
IL Coles; IL
085 Springfield‑Decatur, IL:
SMSA
Counties:
2040
IL
7880
IL Menard; IL
Non‑SMSA
Counties 4.0
IL Cass; IL Christian; IL De Witt; IL Logan; IL Morgan; IL Moultrie;
IL Scott; IL Shelby.
086 Quincy, IL:
Non‑SMSA Counties 3.1
IL
087
SMSA Counties
1040
IL
8120
IL
Non‑SMSA Counties 3.3
IL Fulton; IL Knox; IL McDonough; IL Marshall; IL Mason; IL Schuyler;
IL Stark; IL Warren.
088
SMSA
Counties:
6880
IL Boone; IL Winnegago.
3620
WI Rock
Non‑SMSA Counties 4.6
IL Lee; IL Ogle; IL Stephenson.
089
SMSA Counties:
5080
WI
6600
WI
Non‑SMSA Counties 7.0
WI Dodge; WI Jefferson; WI
090 Madison, WI:
SMSA Counties:
4720
WI Dane.
Non‑SMSA Counties 1.7
WI Adams; WI Columbia; Wl Green; WI Iowa; WI Marquette; Wl Richland; WI Sauk.
091
SMSA Counties:
3870 LaCrosse. WI 0.9
Non‑SMSA Counties 0.6
MN
WI
Trempealeau; WI
092
SMSA Counties:
2290
WI Chippewa; WI
Non‑SMSA Counties 0.6
Wl Barron; WI Dunn; WI Pepin; WI Rusk; WI Sawyer; WI Washburn.
093
Non‑SMSA Counties 0.6
WI Clark; WI
Langlade; WI
WI Price; WI Taylor; WI Vilas; WI Wood.
094
SMSA Counties:
0460
WI
3080
WI Brown.
Non‑SMSA Counties 1.0
MI Alger; MI Baraga; MI Delta; MI Dickinson; MI
Houghton; MI Iron;
MI Keweenaw; MI Marquette; MI Menominee; MI Schoolcraft; WI Door;
WI
WI
WI Waupaca; Waushara.
095
SMSA Counties:
2240
MN St Louis; Wl Douglas.
Non‑SMSA Counties 1.2
MI Gogebic; MI Ontonagon; MN
MN Lake; WI
096 Minneapolis‑St. Paul, MN:
SMSA Counties:
5120 Minneapolis‑St. Paul, MN‑WI 2.9
MN
MN Scott; MN Washington; MN Wright; MN St. Croix.
6980
MN Benton; MN Sherburne; MN Stearns.
Non‑SMSA Counties 2.2
MN Aitkin; MN Big Stone; MN Blue Earth; MN Brown; MN Cass; MN Chippewa;
MN Crow Wing; MN Douglas; MN
MN Kanabec; MN Kandiyohi; MN Lac Qui Parle; MN Le Sueur; MN McLeod;
MN Martin; MN Meeker; MN Mille Lacs; MN Mornson; MN Nicollet; MN Pine;
MN Pope; MN Renville; MN Rice; MN Sibley; MN Stevens; MN Swift; MN Todd;
MN Traverse; MN Wadena; MN Waseca; MN Watonwan; MN Yellow Medicine;
WI Burnett; WI Pierce; WI Polk.
097
SMSA
Counties:
6820
MN Olmsted.
Non‑SMSA Counties 0.9
MN Dodge; MN Fillmore; MN Freeborn; MN Mower; MN Steele; MN Wabasha.
098
SMSA Counties:
2200
IA
Non-SMSA Counties 0.5
IL Jo Daviess; IA Allamakee; IA
Clayton; IA
IA Winneshiek; WI Crawford; WI Grant; Wl Lafayette.
099 Davenport-Rock Island-Moline, IA‑IL:
SMSA Counties:
1960 Davenport-Rock Island-Moline, IA‑IL 4.6
IL Henry; IL
Non‑SMSA Counties 3.4
IL Carroll; IL Handcock; IL Henderson; IL Mercer; IL
Whiteside; IA Clinton;
IA Des Moines; IA Henry; IA Lee;
IA Louisa; IA Muscatine; MO Clark.
100
SMSA Counties:
1360
IA Linn.
Non‑SMSA Counties 1.5
IA
101
SMSA Counties:
8920
IA Black Hawk.
Non‑SMSA Counties 2.0
IA Bremer; IA Buchanan; IA
IA Floyd; IA Franklin; IA Grundv; IA Hancock; IA Hardin; IA Howard; IA Mitchell;
IA Winnegago; IA Worth.
102
Non-SMSA Counties 0.4
IA Bueno Vista; IA Calhoun; IA Carroll; IA Clay; IA Dickinson; IA Emmet;
IA Greene; IA Hamilton; IA Humboldt; IA Kossuth; IA Palo Alto; IA
Pocahontas;
IA Sac; IA Webster; IA Wright.
103
SMSA
Counties:
7720
IA Woodbury; NE Dakota.
Non‑SMSA Counties 1.2
IA Cherokee, IA Crawford; IA Ida;
IA Monona; IA O'Brien; IA
NE Antelope; NE Cedar; NE Cuminq; NE Dixon; NE Knox; NE Madison; NE Pierce;
NE Stanton; NE Thurston; NE Wayne; SD Bon Homme; SD Clay; SD Union;
SD Yankton.
104 Des Moines, IA:
SMSA Counties:
2120
IA Polk; IA Warren.
Non‑SMSA Counties 2.4
IA Adair; IA Appanoose; IA Boone; IA Clarke; IA Dallas; IA Davis; IA Decatur;
IA Guthrie; IA Jasper; IA Jefferson; IA Keokuk; IA Lucas; IA Madison; IA Mahaska;
IA Marion; IA Marshall; IA Monroe; IA Poweshiek; IA Ringgold; IA Story; IA Tama;
IA Union; IA
Van Buren; IA Wapello; IA
105
SMSA Counties:
3760
KS Johnson; KS Wayandotte; MO Cass;
MO Clay; MO
4150
7000
MO Andrew; MO Buchanan.
Non‑SMSA Counties 10.0
KS
KS Linn; KS
MO
MO Henry; MO Holt; MO Johnson; MO
Lafayette; MO
MO Nodaway; MO Pettis; MO Saline; MO Worth.
106
SMSA Counties:
1740
Non‑SMSA Counties 4.0
MO Adair; MO
Audrain; MO Callaway; MO
MO Cooper; MO Howard; MO Knox; MO Linn;. MO Macon; MO Miller; MO Moniteau; MO Monroe; MO Morgan; MO Osage; MO Putnam; MO Randolph; MO Schuyler; MO Scotland; MO Shelby; MO Sullivan.
107
SMSA Counties:
7040
IL Clinton; IL Madison; IL Monroe; IL St. Clair; MO Franklin; MO Jefferson; MO St. Charles; MO St. Louis; MO St. Louis City.
Non‑SMSA Counties 11.4
IL Alexander IL Bond; IL Calhoun;
IL Clay; IL Effingharn; IL Fayette; IL
IL Greene; IL Jackson; IL Jasper; IL Jefferson; IL Jersey; IL Johnson; IL Macoupin;
IL Marion; IL Montgomery; IL Perry; IL Pulaski; IL Randolph; IL Richland; IL Union;
IL Washington; IL Wayne; IL
Williamson; MO Bollinger; MO
MO Cape Girardeau; MO Carter; MO Crawford; MO Dent; MO Gasconade; MO Iron;
MO Lincoln; MO Madison; MO
Maries;
MO Phelps; MO Reynolds; MO Ripley; MO St. Francis; MO Ste. Genevieve; MO Scott;
MO Stoddard; MO Warren; MO Washington; MO Wayne.
108
SMSA Counties:
7920
MO Christian; MO Greene.
Non-SMSA Counties 2.3
KS Allen; KS Bourbon; KS Cherokee; KS Crawford; KS Labette; KS Montgomery; KS Neosho; KS Wilson; KS Woodson; MO Barry; MO Barton; MO Cedar; MO Dade; MO Dallas;.MO Douglas; MO Hickory; MO Howell; MO Jasper; MO Laclede; MO Lawrence; MO McDonald; MO Newton; MO Oregon; MO Ozark; MO Polk; MO Pulaski;
MO St. Clair; MO
Shannon; MO Stone; MO Taney; MO
MO Webster; MO
Wright; OK Craig; OK
109
Non‑SMSA Counties 3.3
AR Baxter; AR Benton;
AR Boone; AR Carroll; AR Madison; AR Marion; AR Newton;
AR Searcy; AR Washington; OK Adair; OK Delaware.
110
SMSA Counties:
2720
AR Crawford; AR Sebastian; OK Le Flore; OK Sequoyah.
Non‑SMSA Counties 6.6
AR Franklin; AR Logan; AR Polk; AR Scott; OK Choctaw; OK Haskell; OK Latimer; OK McCurtain; OK Pittsburg; OK Pushmataha.
111 Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR:
SMSA Counties:
4400 Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR 15.7
AR Pulaski; AR Saline.
6240
AR
Non‑SMSA Counties 16.4
AR Arkansas; AR
Ashley; AR Bradley; AR Calhoun;
AR Chicott; AR Clark; AR
Calhoun; AR Cleveland; AR Conway; AR Dallas;
AR Desha; AR Drew; AR Faulkner; AR
Fulton: AR Garland; AR Grant; AR Hot
Springs; AR Independence; AR Izard; AR
Jackson; AR Johnson; AR Lincoln;
AR Lonoke; AR Monroe; AR
Montgomery; AR Ouachita; AR Perry, AR Pope;
AR Prairie; AR Sharp; AR
Stone; AR Union; AR Van Buren;
AR While; AR Woodruft; AR Yell.
112 Jackson, MS:
SMSA
Counties;
3560
MS Hinds; MS
Rankin.
Non‑SMSA Counties 32.0
MS Attala; MS
Choctaw; MS Choctaw; MS Clarke; MS Copiah;
MS Covington; MS Franklin; MS
Holmes: MS Humphreys; MS Issaquena; MS Jasper;
MS Jefferson; MS Jefferson Davis; MS Jones; MS Kemper; MS Lauderdale; MS Lawrence; MS Leake; MS Lincoln;
MS Lowndes; MS Madison; MS
Neshoba; MS Newton; MS Noxubee; MS
Oktibbeha; MS Scott; MS Sharkey; MS
Simpson; MS Smith; MS Warren;
MS Wayne; MS Winston; MS Yazoo.
113
SMSA Counties
0920 Biloxi‑Gulfport, MS 19.2
MS Hancock; MS Harrison; MS Stone.
5560
LA Jefferson; LA
Non‑SMSA Counties 27.7
LA
Assumption; LA Lafourche; LA Plaquemines;
MS
Lamar; MS Marion; MS Pearl River; MS Perry; MS Pike; MS Walthall.
114
SMSA Counties:
0760
LA Ascension; LA East Baton Rouge; LA Livingston; LA
Non‑SMSA Counties 30.4
LA Concordia; LA E. Feliciana; LA
Iberville; LA Pointe Coupee; LA St. Helena;
LA
115 Lafayette, LA:
SMSA Counties:
3880 Lafayette, LA 20.6
LA Lafayette.
Non‑SMSA Counties 24.1.
LA Acadia; LA Evangeline; LA Iberia; LA St. Landry; LA St. Martin;
116
SMSA Counties:
3960 Lake Charles, LA 19.3
LA Calcasieu.
Non-SMSA Counties 17.8
LA Allen; LA Beauregard; LA Cameron; LA Jefferson
Davis LA Vernon.
117 Shreveport, LA:
SMSA Counties:
0220 Alexandria, LA 25.7
LA Grant; LA Rapides.
7680 Shreveport, LA 29.3
LA Bossier; LA Caddo; LA Webster.
Non‑SMSA Counties 29.3
LA Avoyelles; LA Bienville; LA Claiborne; LA De
Soto; LA Natchitoches;
LA Red River; LA Sabine; LA Winn.
118 Monroe, LA:
SMSA Counties:
5200 Monroe, LA 22.8
LA Ouachita.
Non‑SMSA Counties 27.9
LA Caldwell; LA Catahoula; LA East Carroll; LA
Franklin; LA Jackson; LA La Salle; LA Lincoln; LA Madison; LA Morehouse; LA
Richland; LA Tensas; LA Union; LA West Carroll.
119
SMSA Counties:
8360
AR Little
River; AR Miller; TX
Non‑SMSA Counties 20.2
AR Columbia; AR Hempstead; AR Howard; AR Lafayette; AR
Nevada; AR Pike; AR Sevier; TX Camp; TX Cass; TX Lamar; TX Morris; TX Red River;
TX Titus.
120 Tyler‑Longview, TX:
SMSA Counties:
4420
TX Gregg; TX Harrison.
8640
TX Smith.
Non‑SMSA Counties 22.5
TX Anderson; TX Angelina; TX Cherokee; TX Henderson;
TX Houston; TX Marion; TX Nacogdoches; TX Panola; TX Rusk; TX San Augustine; TX
Shelby; TX Upshur; TX Wood.
121 Beaumont‑Port Arthur, TX:
SMSA Counties:
0840 Beaumont‑Port Arthur Orange, TX 22.6
TX Hardin; TX Jefferson; TX
Non‑SMSA Counties 22.6
TX Jasper; TX
122 Houston, TX:
SMSA Counties
1260 Bryan‑College Station, TX 23.7
TX
2920
TX
3360
TX Brazona; TX
Non‑SMSA Counties 27.4
TX Austin; TX Burleson; TX Calhoun; TX Chambers; TX Colorado; TX De Witt; TX Fayette; TX Goliad; TX Grimes; TX Jackson; TX Lavaca; TX Leon; TX Madison; TX Matagorda; TX Polk; TX Robertson; TX San Jacinto; TX Trinity; TX Victoria; TX Walker; TX Washington; TX Wharton.
123 Austin, TX:
SMSA Counties:
0640
TX Hays; TX Travis; TX Williamson.
Non‑SMSA Counties 24.2
TX
124 Waco‑Killeen‑Temple, TX:
SMSA Counties:
3810 Killeen‑Temple, TX. 16.4
TX
8800
TX McLermarx
Non‑SMSA Counties 18.6
TX Bosque; TX Falls; TX Freestone; TX Hamilton; TX Hill; TX
Lampasas; TX Limestone; TX Milam; TX Mills.
125 Dallas‑Fort Worth, TX:
SMSA Counties
1920 Dallas‑Fort Worth, TX 18.2
TX Collier; TX Dallas; TX Denton; TX Ellis; TX Hood;
TX Johnson; TX Kaufman; TX Parker; TX Rockwall; TX Tarrant; TX Wise.
7640 Sherman‑Denison, TX 9.4
TX Grayson.
Non‑SMSA Counties 17.2
OK Bryan; TX Cooke; TX Delta; TX Erath; TX Fannin; TX Franklin; TX Hopkins; TX Hunt; TX Jack; TX Montague; TX Navarro; TX Palo Pinto; TX Rains; TX Sommerveil; TX Van Zandt.
126
SMSA Counties:
9080
TX Clay; TX
Non‑SMSA Counties 11.0
TX Archer; TX Baylor; TX Cottle; TX Foard; TX Hardeman; TX
Wilbarger; TX Young.
127
SMSA Counties:
0040
TX Callahan; TX Jones; TX Taylor.
Non‑SMSA Counties 10.9
TX Brown; TX Coleman; TX; Comanche; TX Eastland; TX Fisher;
TX Haskell; TX Kent; TX Knox; TX Mitchell; TX Nolan; TX Scurry; TX Shackelford;
TX Stephens; TX Stonewall; TX Throckmorton.
128
SMSA Counties:
7200
TX Tom Green.
Non‑SMSA Counties 20.0
TX Coke; TX Concha; TX Crockett; TX Irion; TX Kimble;
TX McCulloch; TX Mason; TX Menard; TX Reagan; TX Runnels; TX San Saba; TX
Schleicher; TX Sterling; TX Sutton, TX
Terrell.
129
SMSA Counties:
4080 Laredo 87.3
TX Webb.
7240 San Antonio, TX 47.8
TX
Bexar; TX Comal; TX Guadalupe.
Non‑SMSA
Counties 49.4
TX Atascosa; TX Bandera; TX Dimmit; TX Edwards; TX Frio; TX Gillespie; TX Gonzales; TX Jim Hogg; TX Karnes; TX Kendall; TX Kerr; TX Kinney; TX La Salle; TX McMullen; TX Maverick; TX Medina; TX Real; TX Uvalde; TX Val Verde; TX Wilson; TX Zapata; TX Zavala.
130
SMSA Counties:
1880
TX Nueces; TX San
Patricio.
Non‑SMSA Counties 44.2
TX Aransas; TX Bee; TX Brooks; TX Duval; TX Jim Wells; TX Kenady; TX Kyberg; TX Live Oak; TX Refugio.
131 Brownsville‑McAllen‑Harlingen, TX:
SMSA Counties:
1240 Brownsville‑Harlingen‑San
TX Cameron.
4880 McAllen‑Pharr‑Edinburg, TX 72.8
TX
Non‑SMSA Counties 72.9
TX Starr; TX Willacy.
132 Odessa‑Midland, TX:
SMSA Counties:
5040
TX
5800
TX Ector.
Non‑SMSA Counties 18.9
TX Andrews; TX Crane; TX Glasscock; TX Howard; TX
Loving; TX Martin; TX Pecos; TX Reeves; TX Upton; TX Ward; TX Winkler.
133 El Paso, TX:
SMSA Counties:
2320 El Paso, TX 57.8
TX El Paso.
Non‑SMSA Counties 49.0
NM Chaves; NM Dona Ana; NM Eddy; NM Grant;
NM Hidalgo; NM Luna; NM Otero; NM Sierra, TX Brewster; TX Culberson; TX Hudspeth;
TX Jeff Davis; TX Presidio.
134 Lubbock, TX:
SMSA Counties:
4600
TX
Non‑SMSA 19.5
NM Lea; NM Roosevelt ; TX Bailey; TX Borden; TX Cochran; TX Crosby; TX Dawson; TX Dickens; TX Floyd; TX Gaines; TX Garza; TX Hale; TX Hockley; TX King; TX Lamb; TX Lynn; TX Motley; TX Terry; TX Yoakum.
135
SMSA Counties:
0320
TX Potter; TX Randall.
Non‑SMSA Counties 11.0
NM Curry; NM Harding; NM Quay; NM Union; OK Beaver; OK Cimarron; OK Texas; TX Arnstrong; TX Briscoe; TX Carson; TX Castro; TX Childress; TX Collingsworth; TX Dallam; TX Deaf Srnith; TX Donley; TX Gray; TX Hall; TX Hansford; TX Hartley; TX Hemphill; TX Hutchinson; TX Lipscomb; TX Moore; TX Ochitree; TX Oldham; TX Parmer; TX Roberts; TX Sherman; TX Swisher; TX Wheeler.
136
SMSA Counties:
4200
OK Comanche.
Non‑SMSA Counties 10.8
OK Cotton; OK Green; OK. Harmon; OK
Jackson; OK Jefferson; OK Kiowa; OK Stephens; OK Tillman.
137
SMSA Counties
5880
OK Canadian; OK
Non‑SMSA Counties 9.0
OK Alfalfa; OK Atoka; OK Beckham; OK
Blaine; OK Caddo; OK Carter; OK Coat; OK Custer; OK Dewey; OK Ellis; OK Garfield; OK Garvin;
OK Grady; OK Grant; OK Harper; OK Hughes; OK Johnston; OK Kingfisher; OK
Lincoln; OK Logan; OK Love; OK Major; OK Marshall; OK Murray, OK Okfuskee; OK
Pontotoc; OK Roger Mills; OK Seminole; OK Washita; OK Woods; Ok Woodward.
138 TuIsa, OK:
SMSA Counties:
8560
OK Creek; OK Mayes; OK Osage; OK
Non‑SMSA Counties
10.0
OK Cherokee; OK Key; OK McIntosh; OK
Muskogee; OK Noble; OK Nowata; OK Okmulgee; OK Pawnee; OK Payne; OK Washington.
139
SMSA Counties:
9040
KS
Non‑SMSA Counties 5.7
KS Barber; KS Barton; KS Chase; KS
Chautauqua; KS Clark; KS Comanche. KS Cowley; KS Edwards; KS Elk; KS Finney; KS
Ford; KS Grant; KS Gray; KS Greeley; KS
Greenwood; KS Hamilton; KS Harper; KS Harvey; KS Haskell; KS Hodgeman; KS Kearny;
KS Kingman; KS Kiowa; KS Lane; KS McPherson; KS Marion; KS Meade; KS Morton; KS
Ness; KS Pawnee; KS Pratt; KS Reno; KS Rice; KS Rush; KS Scott; KS Seward; KS
Stafford; KS Stanton; KS Stevens; KS Sumner, KS Wichita.
140
Non‑SMSA Counties 1.5
KS Cheyenne; KS Cloud; KS Decatur;
KS Dickinson; KS Ellis; KS Ellsworth; KS Gove; KS Graham; KS Jewell; KS
Lincoln; KS Logan; KS Mitchell; KS Norton; KS Osborne; KS Ottawa; KS Phillips;
KS Rawlins; KS Republic; KS Rooks; KS Russell; KS Saline; KS Sheridan; KS
Sherman; KS Smith; KS Thomas; KS Trego; KS Wallace.
141
SMSA Counties:
8440
KS Jefferson; KS Osage; KS
Non‑SMSA Counties 6.5
KS CIay; Coffey; KS Geary; KS Jackson; KS Lyon; KS Marshall; KS Morris;
KS Nemaha; KS Pottawatomie, KS Riley; KS Wabaunsee; KS Washington.
142 Lincoln, NE:
SMSA
Counties:
4360
Non SMSA Counties 1.9
NE Butler; NE Fillmore; NE Gage; NE
Jefferson; NE Johnson; NE Nemaha; NE Otoe; NE Pawnee; NE Polk; NE Richardson; NE Saline, NE
Seward; NE Thayer; NE York.
143
SMSA Counties:
5920
IA Pottawattamie; NE Douglas; NE
Sarpy.
Non‑SMSA 5.3
IA Adams; IA Audubon; IA Cass; IA Fremont; IA Harrison; LA Mills; IA
Montgomery; IA Page; IA Shelby; IA Taylor; NE Burt; NE Cass; NE Colfax; NE
Dodge; NE Platte; NE
Saunders; NE Washington.
144
Non SMSA
Counties 1.4
NE Adams; NE Aurther; NE Blaine; NE
Boyd; NE Brown; NE Buffalo; NE Chase; NE Cherry; NE Clay; NE Custer; NE Dawson; NE Dundy;
NE Franklin; NE Frontier; NE Fumas; NE Garfield; NE Gosper; NE Grant; NE Greeley, NE Hall; NE
Hamilton; NE Harlan; NE Hayes; NE Hitchcock; NE Holt; NE Hooker; NE Howard; NE
Kearney; NE Keith; NE Keya Paha; NE Lincoln; NE Logan; NE Loup; NE McPherson; NE Merrick; NE Nance; NE Nuckolls; NE
Perkins; NE Phelps; NE Red Willow; NE Rock; NE Sherman; NE Thomas; NE Valley;
NE Webster; NE Wheeler.
145 Scottsbluff, NE:
Non‑SMSA Counties 5.3
NE Banner; NE Box Butt; NE Cheyenne; NE Dawes; NE Deuel; NE
Garden; NE Kimball; NE
Morrill; NE Scotts Buff; NE Sheridan; NE Sioux; NE Goshen.
146
SMSA Counties:
6660
SD Pennington; SD Meade.
Non‑SMSA Counties 7.9
SD Bennett; SD Buffalo; SD Butte; SD Campbell; SD Corson; SD Custer; SD Dewey (Armstrong); SD Fall River; SD Haakon; SD Harding; SD Hughes; SD Hyde; SD Jackson; SD Jones; SD Lawrence; SD Lyman; SD Mellette; SD Perkins; SD Potter; SD Shannon (Washington); SD Stanley; SD Sully; SD Todd; SD Tripp; SD Walworth; SD Washabaugh; SD Ziebach; WY Crook; WY Niobrara; WY Weston.
147 Sioux Falls, SD:
SMSA Counties:
7760
SD Minnehaha.
Non‑SMSA Counties 0.8
IA Lyon; IA Osceola; MN Cottonwood; MN
148
Non‑SMSA Counties 1.3
SD Brown; SD Clark; SD Codington; SD Day; SD Deuel; SD Edmunds; SD Faulk;
SD Grant; SD Hamlin; SD McPherson; SD Marshall; SD Roberts; SD Spink.
149 Fargo‑Moorhead, ND‑MN:
Non‑SMSA Counties 0.7
MN
ND Foster; ND Griggs; ND La Moure; ND Logan; ND McIntosh; ND Ransom;
ND
150
SMSA Counties:
2985
MN Polk; ND
Non‑SMSA Counties 2.0
MN Beltrami; MN
MN Mahnomen; MN Marshall; MN
MN
ND Ramsey; ND Towner; ND Walsh.
151 Bismarck, ND:
SMSA Counties:
1010
ND Burleigh; ND Morton.
Non-SMSA Counties 1.3
ND Adams; ND Billings; ND Bowman; ND Dunn; ND Emmons;
ND Golden Valley; ND Grant; ND Hettinger; ND Kidder; ND Mercer; ND Oliver; ND
Sheridan; ND Sioux; ND Slope; ND Stark; ND Wells.
152 Minot, ND:
Non‑SMSA Counties 4.4
MT Daniels; MT
ND Divide; ND McHenry; ND
McKenzie; ND
ND Renville; ND Rolette; ND Ward; ND Williams.
153
SMSA Counties.
3040
MT Cascade.
Non‑SMSA Counties 4.1
MT Blaine; MT Broadwater; MT Chouteau; MT Fergus; MT
Glacier; MT Hill;
MT Jefferson; MT
MT Petroleum; MT Phillips; MT Pondera; MT Teton; MT
Toole; MT Valley;
MT Wheatland.
154
Non‑SMSA Counties 2.7
MT Beaverhead; MT Deer
Lodge; MT Flathead; MT Granite; MT
MT
MT Silver Bow; MT
155
SMSA Counties:
0880
MT
Non‑SMSA Counties 3.3
MT Big Horn; MT Carbon; MT Carter; MT Custer; MT
Dawson; MT Fallon; MT Gallatin; MT Garfield; MT Golden Valley; MT McCone; MT
Musselshell; MT Park; MT Powder River; MT Prairie; UT Rosebud; MT Stillwater,
MT Sweet Grass; MT Treasure; MT Wilbaux; MT Yellowstone Nat’l Park; WY Big
Horn; WY Hot Springs; WY Park; WY Sheridan; WY Washakie.
156 Cheyenne‑Casper, WY:
Non‑SMSA Counties 7.5
CO Jackson; WY Albany; WY Campbell; WY Carbon; WY
Converse; WY Fremont WY Johnson; WY Laramie; WY Natrona, WY Platte.
157
SMSA Counties:
2080
Denver‑Boulder, CO 13.8
CO Adams; CO Arapahoe;
C0
2670
CO Larimer.
3060
CO Weld.
Non‑SMSA Counties 12.8
CO Cheyenne; CO Clear Creek; CO Elbert CO Grand; CO Kit Carson; CO Logan; CO Morgan; CO Park;
CO Phillips; :CO Sedgwick; CO
Summit; CO Washington; CO Yuma.
158
SMSA Counties:
1720
CO
6560
CO Pueblo.
Non‑SMSA Counties 19.0
CO Alamosa; CO Baca;
CO Bent; CO Chaffee; CO
Conejos; CO Costilla; CO Crowley; CO
Custer; CO Fremont; CO Huerfano; CO Kiowa; CO Lake; CO Las Animas; CO Lincoln;
CO Mineral; CO Otero; CO Prowers; CO Rio Grande; CO Saguache.
159
Non‑SMSA Counties 10.2
CO Archuleta; CO Delta;
CO Dolores; CO Eagle; CO Garfield; CO Gunnison; CO Hinsdale; CO La Plata, CO Mesa; CO Moffat;
CO Montezuma; CO Montrose; CO Ouray; CO Pitkin; CO Rio Blanco; CO Routt; CO San
Juan; CO San Miguel; UT Grand; UT San
Juan.
New Mexico:
160 Albuquerque, NM:
SMSA Counties.
0200 Albuquerque, NM 38.3
NM Bernalillo; NM Sandoval.
Non‑SMSA Counties 45.9
NM Citron. NM Colfax; NM De Baca; NM Guadalupe; NM San Juan; NM San Miguel;
NM Santa Fe; NM Socorro; NM Taos; NM Torrance; NM Valencia.
Arizona:
161 Tucson, AZ:
SMSA Counties:
8520
AZ Pima.
Non‑SMSA Counties 27.0
AZ Cochise; AZ Graham; AZ Greenlee; AZ
Santa Cruz.
162
SMSA Counties:
6200
AZ Maricopa.
Non‑SMSA Counties 19.6
AZ Apache; AZ Coconino; AZ Gila; AZ
Mohave; AZ Navajo; AZ Pinal; AZ
Yavapai; AZ Yuma.
Nevada:
163 Las Vegas, NV:
SMSA Counties:
4120 Las Vegas, NV 13.9
NV
Non-SMSA Counties 12.6
NV Esmeralda; NV Lincoln; NV Nye;UT Beaver; UT Garfield; UT Iron; UT Kane; UT Washington.
164
SMSA Counties:
6720
NV Washoe.
Non-SMSA Counties 9.2
NV Churchill; NV Douglas; NV Elko;NV Eureka; NV Humboldt; NV Lander; NV Lyon; NV Mineral; NV Pershing; NV Storey; NV White Pine; NV Carson City
165
SMSA Counties
6520 Provo‑Orem, UT 2.4
UT
7160 Salt
UT
Non‑SMSA Counties 5.1
ID
UT Daggett; UT
Duchesne; UT Emery; UT Juab; UT Millard; UT Morgan; UT Piute;
UT Rich; UT Sanpete; UT Sevier; UT Summit; UT Uintah ‑UT
Wasatch; UT Wayne;
WY Lincoln; WY Sublette; WY Sweetwater; WY Uinta.
166
Non‑SMSA Counties 4.0
ID Bannock; ID Bingham; ID Baline; ID Bonneville; ID Butte; ID Camas; ID Caribou;
ID Cassia; ID Clark; ID Custer; ID Fremont; ID Gooding; ID Jefferson; ID Jerome;
ID Lemini; ID Lincoln; ID Madison; ID Minidoka; ID Power; ID Teton; ID Twin Falls;
WY Teton.
167
SMSA Counties:
1080
ID
Non‑SMSA Counties 4.4
ID Adams; ID Boise; ID Canyon; ID Elmore; ID Gem; ID Owyhee; ID Payette;
ID Valley; ID
168
SMSA Counties:
7840
WA
Non‑SMSA Counties 3.0
ID Benewah; ID Bonner; ID Boundary;
ID Clearwater; ID Idaho; ID Kootena; ID Latah; ID Lewis; ID Nez Perce; ID
Shoshone; WA Adams; WA Asotin; WA
Columbia; WA Ferry; WA Garfield; WA Lincoln; WA Pend Orelle; WA Stevens; WA
Whitman.
169
SMSA Counties:
6740
WA Benton; WA FranklIn.
Non‑SMSA Counties 3.8
OR Baker; OR Gilliam; OR Grant; OR
Morrow; OR Umatilla; OR Union; OR Wallowa; OR Wheeler; WA
170
SMSA Counties:
9260
WA
Non‑SMSA Counties 7.2
WA Chelan; WA Douglas; WA Grant; WA
Kittitas; WA
171 Seattle, WA:
SMSA Counties:
7600
WA King; WA Snohomish.
8200
WA Pierce.
Non‑SMSA Counties 6.1
WA Clallarn; WA Grays Harbor; WA
Island; WA Jefferson; WA Kitsap; WA Lewis; WA Mason; WA Pacific; WA San Juan;
WA Skaqil; WA Thurston; WA Whatcom.
172
SMSA Counties:
6440
OR Clackamas; OR Muitnomah; OR
Washinton; WA
7080
OR Marion; OR Polk.
Non‑SMSA Counties: 3.8
OR
OR Jefferson; OR Lincoln; OR Linn; OR Sherman; OR Tillammok; OR Wasco;
OR Yamhill; WA
173
SMSA Counties:
2400
Non‑SMSA Counties 2.4
OR Coos; OR Curry; OR Douglas; OR
OR
174
Non‑SMSA
Counties 6.8
CA Lassen; CA Modoc; CA Plumas; CA; Shasta; CA Siskiyou;
CA Tehama.
175
Non‑SMSA
Counties 6.6
CA Del Norte; CA Humboldt; CA Trinity.
176
San Francisco‑Oakland‑San Jose, CA:
SMSA
Counties:
7120
Salinas‑Seaside‑Monterey, CA 28.9
CA
7360
CA Alameda; CA
Contra Costa; CA Marin; San Francisco; CA San Mateo.
7400 San Jose, CA 19.6
CA Santa Clara.
7485 Santa Cruz, CA 14.9
CA Santa Cruz.
7500 Santa Rosa, CA 9.1
CA Sonoma.-
8720 Vallejo‑Fairfield‑Napa, CA 17.1
CA Napa; CA
Solano.
Non‑SMSA
Counties 23.2
CA Lake; CA Mendocino; CA San Benito.
177
SMSA
Counties:
6920
CA Placer; CA
Sacramento; CA Yolo.
Non‑SMSA
Counties 14.3
CA Butte; CA Colusa; CA El Dorado; CA Glenn; CA Nevada;
CA Sierra;
CA
Sutter; CA Yuba.
178
Stockton‑Modesto, CA:
SMSA
Counties:-
5170
CA
Stanislaus
8120
CA
Non‑SMSA Counties 19.8
CA Alpine; CA Amador; CA Calaveras; CA Mariposa; CA
Merced, CA Tuolumne.
179
Fresno‑Bakersfield, CA:
SMSA
Counties:
0680
CA
2840
CA
Non‑SMSA Counties 23.6
CA Kings; CA Madera CA Tulare.
180 Los Angeles, CA:
SMSA
Counties.
0360 Anaheim‑Santa Ana‑Garden Grove, CA 11.9
CA
4480 Los Angeles‑Long Beach, CA 28.3
CA Los Angeles
6000 Oxnard‑Simi
Valley‑Ventura, CA 21.5
CA Ventura
6780 Riverside‑San Bernardino‑Ontario,
CA 19.0
CA Riverside; CA San Bernadino.
7480 Santa Barbara‑Santa Maria‑Lompoc, CA 19.7
CA
Non‑SMSA Counties 24.6
CA Inyo; CA Mono; CA San Luis - Obispo.
181 San Diego, CA:
SMSA Counties
7320 San Diego, CA 16.9
CA San Diego.
Non‑SMSA
Counties 16.2
CA Imperial
182
SMSA Counties:
0380
AK
Non‑SMSA Counties 15.1
AK Aleutian IsIands Division; AK Angoon Division; AK Barrow‑North Slope Division; AK Bethel Division; AK Bristol Bay Borough; AK Bristol Bay Division; AK Cordova McCarthy Division; AK Fairbanks Division; AK Haines Division; AK Juneau Division; AK Kenai-Cook Inlet Division; AK Ketchikan Division; AK Kobuk Division; AK Kodiak Division; AK Kwskokwim Division; AK Matansuska-Susitna Division; AK Nome Division; AK Outer Ketchikan Division; AK Prince of Wales Division; AK Seward Division; AK Sitka Division; AK Skagaway‑Yakutat Division; AK Southeast Fairbanks Division; AK Upper Yukon Division; AK Valdez-Citina-Whittier Division; AK Wade Hampton Division; AK Wrangell-Petersburg Division; AK Yukon-Koyukuk Division.
183
SMSA Counties:
3320
HI
Non‑SMSA Counties 70.4
HI