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futurework - Trends and Challenges for
Work in the 21st Century
(A printed copy of
the report may be requested by telephone at 202-693-5084)
Table
of Contents
Letter from the Secretary of Labor [PDF Version]
executive summary [PDF Version]
- The U.S. population is becoming larger and more diverse
- The changing face of the workforce
- Educational attainment is rising
- Women are working more; men are working less
- From welfare to work
- Workers with disabilities are an underutilized resource
- Veterans enrich the civilian workforce
- Young people are already a substantial part of the labor force
- The future
2 employment, wages, and benefits [PDF Version]
- Employment has been growing robustly
- Growth is resuming for stagnant wages and benefits
- Wage inequality: Will the rich get richer and the poor, poorer?
- What the Fastest growing jobs require
- Factors driving high- and low-skilled workers-wages farther apart
- Pay gaps persist between groups
- The future
3 work and family [PDF Version]
- Six in ten women are in the labor force
- More parents in the workforce
- Working mothers
- Single parents
- Many workers have responsibility for an elderly person or one with a disability
- Workers need options for child and elder care
- Nonstandard hours
- Employer-provided assistance
- Working families have shrinking time
- Flexibility on the job
- The future
- What work will need doing?
- The workforce becomes increasingly urban
- Employment shifts from manufacturing to services
- Growth in service jobs
- The virtual market will have major influence
- Who will belong to unions?
- Crossing trend lines and their causes
- New efforts reverse earlier decline
- Unions benefit workers-and employers
- The future
5 workplace conditions [PDF Version]
- Mines, factories, and other workplaces have become safer
- Dramatic reductions in work-related fatalities
- Risks vary with industry and workplace size
- Changes in work and work practices bring new risks
- Societal problems have become workplace problems
- Discrimination, though diminishing, persists
- Personal health is becoming a workplace issue
- The future
6 technology and globalization [PDF Version]
- Technology is transforming the US economy
- The information technology industry is evolving rapidly
- The technological revolution spreads
- Technology and job creation
- Technology is revolutionizing the way we work
- Changing relationships, changing risk, changing regulation
- Better, faster, more accessible information
- Crossing the border: Globalization of the American economy
- Labor market effects of globalization
- Core labor standards
- The future
7 implications of workplace changes [PDF Version]
- Employers are demanding higher skills
- The changing skill content of jobs
- Post-school training
- Basic skills are not so basic anymore
- Work reforms can increase productivity and reshape workplaces
- Increasing the employee stake in company performance
- Nontraditional workers are an important part of the workforce
- Nontraditional work arrangements
- Employer use of nontraditional staffing
- Attributes of nontraditional work
- The future of the nontraditional
- Downsizing and insecurity: Mixed evidence on magnitudes
- job turnover: Mixed evidence for the 1980s, some shift up in the 1990s
- The future
8 framing the debate for policy and decisionmakers of the twenty-first century [PDF Version]
- Taking stock at century's end
- What are workers' needs?
- Trends affecting future work
- Questions for the future
- On acheiving economic security
- On balancing work and family
- On destiny and diversity
- The future
appendices
- 1 Back to the future-Past efforts at viewing the future by the Department of Labor [PDF Version]
- 2 Glossary [PDF Version]
endnotes[PDF Version]
tables
- 1.1 Work experience of the population, by extent of employment, 1997
- 3.1 Average weekly hours worked by men and women, ages 25 to 54, 1969-1998
- 5.1 Percent of employers who use drug testing, 1990-1998
- 5.2 Percentage of workers ages 18 to 49 reporting heavy alcohol use, 1985-1997
- 5.3 Percentage of workers ages 18 to 49 reporting current illicit drug use, 1985-1997
- 6.1 US trade flows
- 6.2 Five industries in which exports account for a high percent of employment, 1998
- 7.1 Employment by major occupational groups 1986, 1996 and projected 2006
- 7.2 Percent of employers responding about change in the use of non-traditional workers since 1990
- 7.3 Percent of workers with health insurance and pension coverage by work arrangement, 1997
charts
- 1.1 Percent distribution of the population by race and Hispanic origin, 1995 and 2050
- 1.2 Percent of high-school graduates enrolling in college, 1993-1998
- 1.3 Labor force activity rate of persons 20 to 64 years old, by education level and disability status, 1994
- 2.1 Average hourly earnings, 1947-1998
- 2.2 Average weekly earnings by educational attainment level, 1979-1998
- 2.3 Weekly earnings ratios-90/10, 1979-1998
- 2.4 Weekly earnings ratios-90/50 and 50/10, 1979-98
- 3.1 Women as a growing percentage of the workforce, 1948-1998
- 3.2 More women are working: labor force participation rates, 1948-1998
- 3.3 Proportion of mothers in the workforce, by age of child, 1975 and 1998
- 3.4 Percent of married couples in which both spouses work more than 40 hours per week, 1969 and 98
- 7.1 Percent of employed persons with alternative and traditional work arrangements, 1997
boxes
- 1.1 Moving people from welfare to work
- 1.2 Did you know that workers with disabilities
- 1.3 Postsecondary education and other training
- 1.4 Investing in our future
- 2.1 Changing healthcare benefits
- 2.2 Changing private pensions
- 2.3 The wage gap
- 2.4 Who are the working poor?
- 3.1 How long is a mother's workday?
- 3.2 The work-and-family balancing act
- 3.3 The stress box
- 4.1 American small businesses
- 4.2 Buying time
- 4.3 Women in business
- 4.4 The office of the future
- 4.5 Evolution of retail
- 5.1 elaws
- 5.2 Cooperation: A new kind of enforcement
- 6.1 Computer power
- 6.2 "Web"ster's Dictionary for the twenty-first century
- 6.3 Jobs of yesterday and tomorrow
- 6.4 Veterans lead the way
- 6.5 Going to the office is not what it used to be
- 6.6 Workplace technology for people with disabilities
- 6.7 Ergonomics and the workplace
- 6.8 Creating a virtual electronic labor market-America's Career Kit
- 7.1 America's jobs Network
- 7.2 Look who's temping now
- 7.3 Who are displaced workers?
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