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Honduras
Government Policies and Programs to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor
The Government of Honduras has been a member of ILO-IPEC since 1996.[1187] In 1998, the National Commission for the Gradual and Progressive Eradication of Child Labor was established by the government to coordinate all activities to combat child labor, and to mainstream working minors into educational programs.[1188] The Commission is currently working with ILO-IPEC project with funding from USDOL to prevent and remove children from full-time work in the melon sector of Choluteca and in commercial coffee farms in Santa Barbara.[1189] A similar ILO-IPEC program in the tobacco sector coordinates in El Paraiso with the Honduras Committee for Human Right.[1190]The Honduras National Institute of Statistics, in consultation with the Ministry of Labor and Social Security (MOL), is beginning fieldwork to conduct a national child labor survey, with funding from the USDOL and assistance from ILO-IPEC’s SIMPOC, to determine the number of working children between the ages of 5 and 17 in the country.[1191] In September 2001, the MOL implemented an education campaign, in collaboration with the Honduran Private Business Council, to increase industry awareness of the worst forms of child labor.[1192]
The government is also collaborating with the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation on child labor public awareness and information collection strategies, with UNICEF on capacity building and public awareness activities, and with Save the Children–UK on activities related to its national plan of action and child labor in the diving sector.[1193]
The government has initiated several programs in order to improve children’s access to quality, basic education. The Ministry of Education provides very poor families with stipends for school supplies and makes available radio and long distance learning for children in distant rural areas with few schools.[1194] Regional committees of child defense volunteers also try to convince parents to send their children to school.[1195]
Incidence and Nature of Child Labor
In 1999, the ILO estimated that 17.3 percent of children between the ages of 10 and 14 were working in Honduras.[1196] According to a study undertaken by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, in association with UNICEF and the Honduran Institute for Childhood and the Family, nearly half of all working children work in agriculture, cattle farming, or fishing.[1197] Twenty percent work in manufacturing, mining, electricity, gas, and construction. The remaining 30 percent work in commerce, transportation, finance, or service industries. Two-thirds of working children work without compensation to supplement family incomes derived from family farms or for small businesses.[1198]
According to ILO-IPEC, the worst forms of child labor in Honduras include: prostitution (particularly in the tourist sector along the North Coast); fireworks manufacturing (in Copan); marine diving (on lobster boats in the Mosquito coast); work in limestone quarries and garbage dumps (in the two large cities of Tegucigalpa and San Pedro Sula); and agricultural work (in the coffee and melon industries).[1199] Children have also been used to sell drugs in Olancho and Comayagua.[1200]
Education is free and compulsory in Honduras for six years.[1201] In 1999, the gross primary enrollment rate was 97.3 percent and the net primary enrollment rate was 85.7 percent.[1202] Among working children, an estimated 34 percent complete primary school.[1203] A lack of schools prevents many children in Honduras from receiving an education, as do costs such as enrollment fees, school uniforms, and transportation costs.[1204] In 1998, Hurricane Mitch damaged more than 3,000 schools nationwide. [1205] The poor quality of education and the lack of vocational education are other education concerns.[1206]
Child Labor Laws and Enforcement
The Constitution and the Labor Code set the minimum age for employment at 16 years, with the exception that a child who is 15 years of age is permitted to work with parental consent and Ministry of Labor permission.[1207] An employer who legally hires a 15-year-old must certify that the child has finished, or is finishing, compulsory schooling.[1208] Children under the age of 16 are prohibited from night work and from working in clubs, theatres, circuses, cafes, cantinas, and in establishments that serve alcoholic beverages.[1209] Children under age 16 are limited to working six hours a day and 30 hours a week.[1210] The Children's Code prohibits a child of 14 years of age or younger from working, even with parental permission, and establishes prison sentences of three to five years for individuals who allow children to work illegally.[1211]
Article 148 of the Minor’s Code criminalizes child prostitution. Children 18 years of age and younger are protected under this law against sexual exploitation, child prostitution and child pornography.[1212] The Penal Code also includes provisions that prohibit trafficking in persons.[1213]
The Ministry of Labor and Social Security is responsible for conducting child labor inspections.[1214] The Ministry has less than 50 inspectors for the entire country,[1215] and is not able to effectively enforce laws in rural areas or in small companies.[1216] Despite these problems, in 2001, the Ministry opened a regional office and re-initiated inspections on lobster boats in the Mosquito area, where boat captains illegally employ boy divers. Early in 2001, the Minister of Labor conducted a special inspection of the melon industry in order to uncover the incidence of child labor in that sector.[1217] Honduras ratified ILO Convention 138 on June 9, 1980 and ILO Convention 182 on October 25, 2001.[1218]
