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Estonia - Discrimination and Equality

Indicators

The following indicators should be considered when conducting assessments of compliance (click on links for details):

Legal Framework

• ILO 100 - Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (A-1)
• ILO 111 - Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (A-2)
• UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (A-3)
• UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (A-4)
• Prohibition of discrimination in employment on the grounds of race, color, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction, social origin. (A-5)
• Prohibition of discrimination on other grounds (i.e. disability, or sexual orientation) (A-6)
• Protection of migrant workers from discrimination in employment (A-7)
• Prohibition of discrimination in access to and ownership of assets, including property ownership, inheritance and access to other assets or credit (A-8)
• Equal access to education, training, vocation guidance and placement services, maternity protection and parental leave (A-9)
• Laws or other wage determination mechanisms ensuring equal remuneration for work of equal value (A-10)

Government Performance

• Affirmative Action Programs (B-1, B-8)
• Labor Inspectorate (B-2, B-3, B-4, B-5)
• Administrative or Judicial Complaint Mechanism (B-6, B-7)
• Public Education or Sensitivity Campaigns (B-9)
• International Technical Assistance (B-10)
• Relevant Supportive Policies, such as child care (B-11)

Overall Outcomes

• Differences between men and women and among different ethnic, racial, religious or other groups in literacy rates
• Differences between men and women and among different ethnic, racial, religious or other groups in school enrollment rates
• Differences between men and women and among different ethnic, racial, religious or other groups in vocational training enrollment rates
• Documented discriminatory practices, such as widespread sexual harassment or pregnancy testing for job applicants (C-4)
• Employment status—wage or salaried worker, self-employed or contributing family worker (C-5)
• Distribution of women and other potentially vulnerable groups by sector (C-6)
• Distribution of employment in the urban informal sector (C-7)
• Distribution of women and other potentially vulnerable groups by occupation within sectors (C-8)
• Relative unemployment rates (C-9)
• Relative wage data (C-10)

Associated Factors

• Difference between ranking on UN Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Development Index (GDI) (D-1)
• Fertility rates (D-2)
• Labor force participation rate (D-3)
• Distribution of part-time work (D-4)

Sources

International Sources

ILO

Yearly data of Total and Economically active population, Employment, Unemployment, Hours of Work, Wages, Labour Cost, Consumer Price Indices, Occupational Injuries, Strikes and Lockouts: 1969-2002

• LABORSTA
• Committee Assessment of Source

This database supplies information on national labor administrations.

• Database on Labor Administration (ATLAS)
• Committee Assessment of Source

This source provides quantitative data on a set of 20 core labor market indicators.

KILM 1 provides data on labor force participation rates by gender and age group. KILM 2 provides data on employment-to-population ratio. KILM 3 provides data on wage and salaried workers and self-employed workers (by gender). KILM 4 provides data on the proportion of workers (by gender) in agriculture, industry, and services. KILM 5 provides data on part-time workers (by gender). KILM 6 provides data on the number of persons working more than 40 hours a week as a percentage of total employment. KILM 7 provides data on urban informal sector employment (number of people employed by gender and percentage of urban employment by gender). KILM 8 provides data on the number of unemployed workers by gender and the unemployment rate for males/females. KILM 14 provides data on educational attainment of population 25 years and older, including tertiary education. KILM 15 provides data on nominal and real manufacturing wage indices for male/female. KILM 18 includes data on poverty and income distr

• Key Indicators of the Labor Market (KILM)
• Committee Assessment of Source

Reports to the ILO Governing Body may contain information on country requests and participation in technical assistance projects.

• Committee on Technical Cooperation Reports
• Committee Assessment of Source

International Labor Organization

Information on ratification status, Article 22 reports and comments from the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations.

• APPLIS Database
• Committee Assessment of Source

This database contains information from governments, employers' and workers' organizations, that have a role to play under the Follow-up to the ILO Declaration and Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work.

• Annual Review Database
• Committee Assessment of Source

As part of the Follow-up to the Declaration, the ILO Director-General submits a Global Report on one of the four categories of fundamental principles and rights at work to the tripartite International Labour Conference each June.

• Global Reports
• Committee Assessment of Source

Database of national labour, social security and related human rights legislation maintained by the ILO's International Labour Standards Department. Records in NATLEX provide abstracts of legislation and relevant citation information, and they are indexed by keywords and by subject classifications. Each record in NATLEX appears in only one of the three ILO official languages (English/French/Spanish).

• NATLEX
• Committee Assessment of Source

ILOLEX is a trilingual database containing ILO Conventions and Recommendations, ratification information, comments of the Committee of Experts and the Committee on Freedom of Association, representations, complaints, interpretations, General Surveys, and numerous related documents.

• ILOLEX Database of International Labor Standards
• Committee Assessment of Source

International Labor Organizaton

An Information Base on Equal Employment Opportunities for Women and Men, which sets out international policy instruments including international labour standards as well as national legislation, policies, practices and institutional arrangements introduced by a range of governments, trade unions and public and private sector enterprises.

• e.quality@work
• Committee Assessment of Source

Social Watch

Provide qualitative information related to poverty, equality, and education.

• Country reports

UN Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)

Statistical tables provide quantitative data related to poverty and economic development, gender, and education.

• State of the World's Children
• Committee Assessment of Source

UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Provide statistics and information on economic and labor conditions, including laws and their enforcement governing wages, hours, and occupational health and safety and information related to discrimination and education.

• Country reports
• Committee Assessment of Source

UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

The Institute for Statistics collects quantiative information on education (access and participation, resources, literacy and attainment). See also metadata for source notes and definitions.

• Education Statistics
• Committee Assessment of Source

UNICEF

Statistics section provides a snapshot of economic and social indicators (from the State of the World's Children Reports).

• Information by Country
• Committee Assessment of Source

United Nations

Includes State Party Reports and the Conclusions and Observations of UN Committees relating to the CCPR, CEDAW, CERD, CESCR, CMW, CRC.

• Treaty Body Database
• Committee Assessment of Source

World Bank

This database provides gender-related information on health, labor force participation, and educational attainment by country and region.

• GenderStats
• Committee Assessment of Source

Provides statistical information on poverty and economic development, gender, child labor, and education. Includes information on definitions and sources.

• World Bank Development Indicators
• Committee Assessment of Source

National Sources

Government, Estonia

Links to Ministers and other useful information, available in English

• Government, Estonia, website
• Committee Assessment of Source

Ministry of Social Affairs, Estonia

Potentially useful information available in English

• Ministry of Social Affairs, Estonia, website
• Committee Assessment of Source

Statistical Office of Estonia

Under "Statistics" one can access main social and economic indicators and 2003 labor force survey information.

• Committee Assessment of Source

U.S. Government Sources

U.S. State Department

Section 5 covers "Discrimination Based on Race, Sex, Disability, Language, or Social Status

• Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
• Committee Assessment of Source

Nongovernmental Organizations

Child Rights Information Network

The information network compiles information regarding the Convention on the Rights of the Child and child rights according to theme and country. Themes include child rights, armed conflict, disability, discrimination, education, health, HIV/AIDS, juvenile justice, macroeconomics, media, sexual exploitation, UN special session on children, and violence against children

• Child Rights Information Network
• Committee Assessment of Source

Estonian Institute of Human Rights

Under "Projects" one can access "Overview of the Status of Human Rights in Estonia in 1999". This report mentions women's and children's rights issues.

Estonian Women's Studies and Resource Center

Potentially useful information may be available in Estonian.

European Industrial Relations Observatory

Under "Browse by Country" one can access a variety of documents and articles related to Estonia. The "2003 Annual Review for Estonia" lists the main developments in industrial relations and includes related articles on the subject.

Human Rights Watch

Country reports examine the most pressing human rights issues in each country. These differ for each country, as do the frequency of the reports for each country.

• Overviews of Human Rights Developments
• Committee Assessment of Source

International Women's Rights Action Watch (IWRAW)

Publications on international women's rights can be ordered.

• various publications
• Committee Assessment of Source

Lawyers Committee for Human Rights

This database contains approximately 2,500 units of measurement on workers rights, extracted from approximately 100 public and confidential source documents including guidelines and questionnaires used by monitoring organizations, multinational corporations, and trade associations; public reports by governmental bodies and non-government organizations; public corporate reports; and others. Database provides indicators and source lists, but no specific data.

• Measurement Units for Workers Rights (MUWR), on-line database service
• Committee Assessment of Source

Social Accountability International

SA8000, a voluntary workplace standard patterned on those of the International Organization of Standardization was created in 1997 by the Council on Economic Priorities (a U.S. NGO), and is administered by another NGO, Social Accountability International (SAI).

• SA800
• Committee Assessment of Source

Solidar

Updates include news snippets on trade and labor standards, with special attention to the role of the European Union in the WTO

• International Updates
• Committee Assessment of Source

Women's Human Rights Resources

Compilation of articles, documents, books, references to conventions and laws, and links with information on women's international human rights law

• Women's Human Rights Resources Database
• Committee Assessment of Source

Academic and Other Research

University of Melbourne Legal Research Centre

Database includes links to laws by jurisdiction

• Law database
• Committee Assessment of Source