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Albania - Forced Labor

Indicators

The following indicators should be considered when conducting assessments of compliance (click on links for details):

Legal Framework

• ILO 29 - Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (A-1)
• ILO 105 - Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (A-2)
• ILO 182 - Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (A-3)
• Prohibition of principal forms of forced labor (A-4)

Government Performance

• Labor Inspectorate (B-1, B-6)
• Administrative or Judicial Complaint Mechanism (B-2, B-3)
• Community-based programs to combat forced labor (B-4)
• Government sponsored credit institutions (B-5)
• International Technical Assistance (B-7)
• Government Support of NGO Activities (B-8)

Overall Outcomes

• Statistics and reports on persons removed from forced labor (C-1)
• Statistics and reports on rehabilitation of forced laborers (C-2)
• Statistics and reports on persons returning to forced labor (C-3)
• Statistics and reports on workers still in prohibited forms of forced labor (C-4): Slavery and Abductions
• Statistics and reports on workers still in prohibited forms of forced labor (C-4): Compulsory Participation in Public Works Projects
• Statistics and reports on workers still in prohibited forms of forced labor (C-4): Coercive Recruitment Systems, Particularly in Remote Areas
• Statistics and reports on workers still in prohibited forms of forced labor (C-4): Bonded Labor, Including Bonded Child Labor
• Statistics and reports on workers still in prohibited forms of forced labor (C-4): Trafficking in Persons
• Statistics and reports on workers still in prohibited forms of forced labor (C-4): Domestic Workers in Forced Labor Situations
• Statistics and reports on workers still in prohibited forms of forced labor (C-4): Prison Labor and Rehabilitation Through Work

Associated Factors

• Percentage of population in poverty (D-1)
• Employment-Population Ratio (D-2)
• Percentage of population located in rural areas (D-3)
• Percentage of children under 14 not enrolled in school (D-4)
• Percentage of children under 14 in wage employment (D-5)
• Percentage of labor force earning less than 50% of median wage (D-6)
• Percentage of labor force working over 60 hours/week (D-7)
• Percentage of population working in the informal economy (D-8)
• Informal economy employment as a percentage of Employment (D-9)

Sources

International Sources

ILO

This database supplies information on national labor administrations.

• Database on Labor Administration (ATLAS)
• Committee Assessment of Source

This source provides quantitative data on a set of 20 core labor market indicators.

KILM 1 provides data on labor force participation rates by gender and age group. KILM 2 provides data on employment-to-population ratio. KILM 3 provides data on wage and salaried workers and self-employed workers (by gender). KILM 4 provides data on the proportion of workers (by gender) in agriculture, industry, and services. KILM 5 provides data on part-time workers (by gender). KILM 6 provides data on the number of persons working more than 40 hours a week as a percentage of total employment. KILM 7 provides data on urban informal sector employment (number of people employed by gender and percentage of urban employment by gender). KILM 8 provides data on the number of unemployed workers by gender and the unemployment rate for males/females. KILM 14 provides data on educational attainment of population 25 years and older, including tertiary education. KILM 15 provides data on nominal and real manufacturing wage indices for male/female. KILM 18 includes data on poverty and income distr

• Key Indicators of the Labor Market (KILM)
• Committee Assessment of Source

Reports to the ILO Governing Body may contain information on country requests and participation in technical assistance projects.

• Committee on Technical Cooperation Reports
• Committee Assessment of Source

International Labor Organization

Information on ratification status, Article 22 reports and comments from the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations.

• APPLIS Database
• Committee Assessment of Source

This database contains information from governments, employers' and workers' organizations, that have a role to play under the Follow-up to the ILO Declaration and Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work.

• Annual Review Database
• Committee Assessment of Source

As part of the Follow-up to the Declaration, the ILO Director-General submits a Global Report on one of the four categories of fundamental principles and rights at work to the tripartite International Labour Conference each June.

• Global Reports
• Committee Assessment of Source

Database of national labour, social security and related human rights legislation maintained by the ILO's International Labour Standards Department. Records in NATLEX provide abstracts of legislation and relevant citation information, and they are indexed by keywords and by subject classifications. Each record in NATLEX appears in only one of the three ILO official languages (English/French/Spanish).

• NATLEX
• Committee Assessment of Source

ILOLEX is a trilingual database containing ILO Conventions and Recommendations, ratification information, comments of the Committee of Experts and the Committee on Freedom of Association, representations, complaints, interpretations, General Surveys, and numerous related documents.

• ILOLEX Database of International Labor Standards
• Committee Assessment of Source

International Organization for Migration

Compiling and analysing information from the media, governments, inter-governmental and non-governmental organizations, Trafficking in Migrants aims at improving the exchange of information on migrant trafficking. Published quarterly by the International Organization for Migration (IOM), Trafficking in Migrants includes sections on trends, policies, meetings, publications, and networking activities.

• Bulletin: Trafficking in Migrants
• Committee Assessment of Source

UN Development Program (UNDP)

Human development indicators provide quantitative data related to poverty, gender development, and education. Ratifications of core labor standard conventions are also provided. See also indicators on millenium development goals and technical notes.

• Human Development Reports
• Committee Assessment of Source

United Nations

Includes State Party Reports and the Conclusions and Observations of UN Committees relating to the CCPR, CEDAW, CERD, CESCR, CMW, CRC.

• Treaty Body Database
• Committee Assessment of Source

World Bank

Provides statistical information on poverty and economic development, gender, child labor, and education. Includes information on definitions and sources.

• World Bank Development Indicators
• Committee Assessment of Source

May provide household survey data related to poverty and child labor. Available data may be downloaded with a data agreement form.

• Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS)
• Committee Assessment of Source

National Sources

Albanian Institute of Statistics

This site has many economic indicators but little information on labor related issues.

• Committee Assessment of Source

Government, Albania

Potentially useful information, available in English

• Government website
• Committee Assessment of Source

Ministry of Labor, Albania

Potentially useful information

• Ministry of Labor, Albania, website
• Committee Assessment of Source

Parliament, Albania

Potentially useful information, available in English

• Parliament website
• Committee Assessment of Source

U.S. Government Sources

U.S. State Department

Section 6C covers "Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor" and Section 6F covers "Trafficking in Persons

• Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
• Committee Assessment of Source

The annual trafficking report includes those countries determined to have a significant number of victims of severe forms of trafficking. The narratives provide an overview of the trafficking situation in the country and the government's efforts to combat trafficking. The narratives do not include extensive details, comprehensive information about the countries or their governments, or the extent of anti-trafficking activities undertaken by non-governmental entities.

• Trafficking in Persons Report
• Committee Assessment of Source

Nongovernmental Organizations

Children's Human Rights Centre of Albania

Includes national reports on child labor and child trafficking.

Human Rights Watch

These reports detail the problem of child soldiers and make recommendations for solutions.

• Child Soldier Reports
• Committee Assessment of Source

Country reports examine the most pressing human rights issues in each country. These differ for each country, as do the frequency of the reports for each country.

• Overviews of Human Rights Developments
• Committee Assessment of Source

Institute for Policy and Legal Studies

This group makes recommendations to the government on civil society and governance issues. The site includes text of the nation's constitution and reports on counter-trafficking efforts.

International Catholic Migration Commission

The Commission works primarily on refugee issues and has produced a 2003 "First Annual Report on Victims of Trafficking in Southeastern Europe" which has a substantial section on Albania. The organization's annual reports also mention what programs on trafficking are being carried out in Albania.

International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights

The Federation monitors compliance with the human rights provisions of the Helsinki Final Act.

• A Form of Slavery:Trafficking in Women in OSCE Member States

Solidar

Updates include news snippets on trade and labor standards, with special attention to the role of the European Union in the WTO

• International Updates
• Committee Assessment of Source

Academic and Other Research

Kevin Bales

Includes global estimates of the number of slaves and the scale of human trafficking

• International labor standards: Quality of information and measures in progress in combating forced labor. Paper prepared for National Research Council Workshop on International Labor Standards: Quality of Information and Measures of Progress.
• Committee Assessment of Source