The Act provides a number of specific exemptions from the general
requirements described in Sec. 780.1. Some are exemptions from the
overtime provisions only. Others are from the child labor provisions
only. Several are exemptions from both the minimum wage and the overtime
requirements of the Act. Finally, there are some exemptions from all
three--minimum wage, overtime pay, and child labor requirements. An
employer who claims an exemption under the Act has the burden of showing
that it applies (Walling v. General Industries Co., 330 U.S. 545;
Mitchell v. Kentucky Finance Co., 359 U.S. 290). Conditions specified in
the language of the Act are ``explicit prerequisites to exemption''
(Arnold v. Kanowsky, 361 U.S. 388). ``The details with which the
exemptions in this Act have been made preclude their enlargement by
implication'' and ``no matter how broad the exemption, it is meant to
apply only to'' the specified activities (Addison v. Holly Hill, 322
U.S. 607; Maneja v. Waialua, 349 U.S. 254). Exemptions provided in the
Act ``are to be narrowly construed against the employer seeking to
assert them'' and their application limited to those who come ``plainly
and unmistakably within their terms and spirit'' (Phillips v. Walling,
334 U.S. 490; Mitchell v. Kentucky Finance Co., 359 U.S. 290; Arnold v.
Kanowsky, 361 U.S. 388).
