Footnotes to The Introduction Page
1 International Child Labor Hearing, U.S.
Department of Labor (April 12, 1994) (Statement of the International Labor
Organization).
2 34th Meeting of the ICFTU/ITS Working
Group on Young Workers' Questions (Lisbon: International Confederation of
Free Trade Unions, September 21-25, 1993) [on file].
3 Child Labor: A Briefing Manual
(Geneva: International Labor Organization, 1986) 12.
4 Juan Carlos Bossio, "Child Labor in
Latin America and the World (Scope, Causes, Problems, Tendencies)," in Regional
Tri-Partisan Latin American Seminar on The Abolition of Child Labor and
Protection of Working Children, ILO and Ministry of Labor and Human
Resources of Ecuador, PIACT/1991/2 (May, 1991) 3 [Translation of Spanish Text,
on file] [hereinafter
Regional Latin American Seminar].
5 Id.
6 Alec Fyfe, Child Labor (Polity
Press, Oxford, 1989) 3 [hereinafter Fyfe].
7 Fyfe at 3.
8 Sale of children, child prostitution and
child pornography: Report submitted by Mr. Vitit Muntarbhorn, Special
Rapporteur, U.N. Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/84,
January 1994, p.20.
9 Interview with Sarah Christie, University of
Cape Town, South Africa, by U.S. Department of Labor official (June 9, 1994).
10 African Regional Tripartite Workshop on
Measures to Combat Child Labor (Geneva: International Labor Organization,
1989) 2.
11 Regional Latin American Seminar at
7.
12 Still so far to go: Child labour in
the world today (Geneva: International Labor Organization, 1989) 13-14.
13 Cited in Elena Ramos Tenorio, "El
Trabajo infantil en empresas, microempresas y hogares en el Peru," in El
Trabajo infantil en el Peru (ILO, 1993), 28.
14 Information obtained from an ongoing
Working Paper on Small-Scale Mining, International Labor Organization,
Industrial Activities Branch [on file].
15 Cited in "Life and death of
children working in Peruvian gold mines," in International Children's
Rights Monitor, Vol. 9, No. 2 (1992), pp. 8-10.
16 Testimony of Dorka Nohemi Diaz Lopez, U.S.
House Subcommittee on Labor-Management Relations Hearing, Wilkes-Barre, PA (June
7, 1994).
17 General Survey of the Reports relating
to Convention 138 and Recommendation No. 146 concerning Minimum Age, Report
III (Part 4 B)(Geneva: International Labor Organization, 1981) 73.
18 International Child Labor Hearings,
U.S. Department of Labor (April 12, 1994)(Statement of the International Labor
Organization).
19 Cindy Forster, "On the backs of Women:
Organizing the Maquila factories," in Report on Guatemala (National
Office in Solidarity with the People of Guatemala, Spring 1991) 6.
20 "Worker Rights in Export Processing
Zones,"in Foreign Labor Trends (U.S. Department of Labor, 1990)
16. See also Out of the Equation: Children and North American Economic
Integration (Philadelphia: Defense for Children International-USA November
1993) 1-2.
21 Interview with Frank Larue, Center for
Human Rights Legal Action by U.S. Department of Labor official (March 18, 1994).
22 Roger Sawyer, Children Enslaved
(New York: Routledge Press, 1988) 139.
23 Id. at 139.
24 General Survey of the Reports relating
to Convention 138 and Recommendation No. 146 concerning Minimum Age, Report
III (Part 4 B)(Geneva: International Labor Organization, 1981) 115.
25 Id. at 117.
26 Michel Bonnet, "Child Labor in Africa,"
International Labor Review, Vol. 132, No. 3 (1993) 386 [hereinafter
Bonnet].
27 Child Labor in Tanzania, (Geneva:
International Labor Organization, 1992) 12.
28 Interview with Khairy Hashem, Arab Labor
Organization, by U.S. Department of Labor official (Cairo, May 1994).
29 IPEC: Reflections on the Past,
Pointers to the Future (Geneva: International Labor Organization, 1994) 33.
30 Fyfe at 75.
31 Id.
32 Id. at 76.
33 Id. at 77.
34 Discover the Working Child: The
Situation of Child Labor in Pakistan (Islamabad: UNICEF, 1990) 16.
35 International Child Labor Hearing,
U.S. Department of Labor (April 12, 1994)(Statement of Human Rights Watch/Asia).
36 Bonded Labor in Nepal: Under Kamaiya
System (Kathmandu: Informal Sector Service Center (INSEC), 1992) 43.
37 J. Carson, Young's Town: Prison Camp
and Slave Dungeon for Child Workers (Manila: Kamalayan Development Center,
Inc., vol. I, no. 1, July 1993) 1.
38 A Childhood Abducted: Children Cutting
Sugar Cane in the Dominican Republic (New York: Lawyers Committee for Human
Rights, May 1991).
39 Regional Latin American Seminar at
10.
40 International Child Labor Hearing,
U.S. Department of Labor (April 12, 1994) (Statement of Dr. A.K. Abdul Momen,
Women and Children International).
41 Fyfe at 122.
42 Fyfe at 124.
43 Regional Latin American Seminar at
64.
44 V. Colbert de Arboleda, James R. Himes,
and Emilio García Méndez,
Child Labor and Basic Education in Latin America and the Caribbean: A
Proposed UNICEF Initiative, Innocenti Essays No. 6, UNICEF and International
Child Development Center (May 1994) 3 [hereinafter UNICEF Initiative].
45 Minoli de Soysa, "Sri Lanka Fights
Child Labor With Stricter Laws,"
Reuters (April 1, 1993).
46 International Child Labor Hearing,
U.S. Department of Labor (April 12, 1994) (Statement of International
Confederation of Free Trade Unions). See generally Myron Weiner, The
Child and the State in India: Child Labor and Education Policy in Comparative
Perspective (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991). See also
UNICEF Initiative.
47 IPEC: Reflections on the Past, Pointers
to the Future (Geneva: International Labor Organization, 1994) 34.
48 International Child Labor Hearing,
U.S. Department of Labor (April 12, 1994) (Statement of Professor Myron Weiner).
49 Adel Azer and Nahed Ramzy, Child Labor
in Egypt, (Egypt: UNICEF and the National Center for Social and
Criminological Research (NCSCR), 1990).
50 Regional Latin American Seminar at
71.
51 Country Reports on Human Rights
Practices for 1993 (U.S. Department of State, February 1994) 1397.
52 Bonnet at 377.
53 UNICEF Initiative at 23.
54 Irandi Pereira and Raquel Licursi Benedeti
Rosa, Child Labor in the Footwear Industry in Franca (informal
translation of Portuguese version), (ILO-IPEC, 1993) 22.
55 International Child Labor Hearing,
U.S. Department of Labor (April 12, 1994) (Statement of Omar Noman, Senior
Research Economist, Oxford University).
56 Bonnet at 377.
